The Role of Highland-Lowland Interactions in the Development of Social Complexity

高地与低地相互作用在社会复杂性发展中的作用

• 批准号: 1724488
• 负责人: Jesse Casana
• 金额: $ 29.1万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1724488&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Highland; Lowland; Interactions; Development

Prof. Jesse Casana (Dartmouth College), Dr. Claudia Glatz (University of Glasgow), and an international team of researchers will investigate the crucial role that inter-regional interaction among highland and lowland communities had in driving the emergence and development of early imperial states. Focusing on an archaeologically unexplored borderland region between the Mesopotamian plains of southern Iraq and the Zagros Mountains of western Iran, this project will document a wealth of information regarding the communities who inhabited the area during a historical period that saw the rise of the world's first empires. Results will transform understanding of highland-lowland interaction in greater Mesopotamia, and will thereby offer a new model for considering similar processes globally. In many states in the world today altitudinal variation plays a significant role in partitioning populations and structuring relations among them. This research places such interactions into a long term chronological context. Furthermore, this effort will provide invaluable cultural heritage management data in the region, documenting new archaeological sites, evidence of looting or damage, and an assessment of future threats from expanding agriculture and construction. As the only international archaeological project to have ever worked within this part of Iraq, the project will also play an important role in developing capacities of the local antiquities authorities through training, technology transfer, and public workshops.This project speaks to and challenges a long history of scholarship which views the origin of Old World complex societies, from the Nile to the Yangtze, as a process nested squarely in the urban centers of lowland river valleys. Mountainous regions, by contrast, are generally seen as peripheral zones inhabited by communities who lowland state propaganda, and by extension much modern research, depicts as uncivilized and barbarous. In Mesopotamia, the proverbial cradle of civilization, the dichotomy between perspectives on highlands and lowlands is perhaps most stark, as virtually all archaeological and historical data are derived from lowland cities, while the flanking highlands of the Zagros Mountains remain nebulously blank on archaeological maps, presumed to have been home to pastoral nomads. Focusing on the Upper Diyala (Sirwan) River Valley in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq, this project employs a multi-scalar research strategy involving regional archaeological survey, excavations at the newly-discovered second millennium BC site of Khani Masi, and artifactual analyses of finds, including paleobotanical studies, stable isotope analysis of faunal materials, and organic residue analysis of ceramics. Results will reveal nuanced insights into settlement and land use patterns, pastoral strategies, craft production, and foodways, demonstrating the degree to which inhabitants of distinct environmental zones engaged in shared cultural practices, how these relationships transformed both lowland and highland groups as well as changed over the course of the third and second millennia BC.

杰西·卡萨纳（Jesse Casana）教授（达特茅斯学院），克劳迪娅·格拉茨（Claudia Glatz）（格拉斯哥大学）和国际研究人员团队将调查高地和低地社区之间的区域间互动在推动早期帝国早期国家的出现和发展方面的关键作用。 该项目着重于伊拉克南部美索不达米亚平原与伊朗西部扎格罗斯山之间的考古尚未探索的边境地区，该项目将记录有关在历史悠久的世界上兴起的社区的大量信息，这些社区看到了世界上第一批经济体的兴起。 结果将改变美索不达米亚高地高地相互作用的理解，从而为全球考虑类似的过程提供新的模型。在当今世界上许多州，高度变化在分区人群和结构关系中起着重要作用。这项研究将这种相互作用置于长期时间顺序的环境中。此外，这项工作将在该地区提供宝贵的文化遗产管理数据，记录新的考古遗址，抢劫或损害的证据，并评估不断扩大农业和建设的未来威胁。 作为唯一在伊拉克这一部分工作的国际考古项目，该项目还将通过培训，技术转移和公共研讨会来发展当地古物当局的能力。该项目对悠久的奖学金进行了挑战，并挑战了悠久的奖学金，这些历史对旧世界复杂的社会的起源进行了挑战，从尼罗河到Yangtze sere and consed and consect and and and consected seldand selland seldanl seldand consect seldand sellban sellban seldand sellban。 相比之下，山区通常被视为居住在低地州宣传的社区居住的周边地区，并且通过扩展了许多现代研究，描绘成不文明和野蛮。 In Mesopotamia, the proverbial cradle of civilization, the dichotomy between perspectives on highlands and lowlands is perhaps most stark, as virtually all archaeological and historical data are derived from lowland cities, while the flanking highlands of the Zagros Mountains remain nebulously blank on archaeological maps, presumed to have been home to pastoral nomads. Focusing on the Upper Diyala (Sirwan) River Valley in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq, this project employs a multi-scalar research strategy involving regional archaeological survey, excavations at the newly-discovered second millennium BC site of Khani Masi, and artifactual analyses of finds, including paleobotanical studies, stable isotope analysis of faunal materials, and organic residue陶瓷分析。 结果将揭示对定居和土地使用模式，田园策略，手工艺生产和食品的细微见解，这证明了从事共同文化实践的独特环境区域的居民的程度，这些关系如何改变低地和高地群体以及在第三千年和第二千年中的发展过程中发生了变化。

项目成果

Reconstructing agro-pastoral practice in the Mesopotamian-Zagros borderlands: Insights from phytolith and FTIR analysis of a dung-rich deposit

重建美索不达米亚-扎格罗斯边境地区的农牧业实践：植硅体和富含粪便沉积物的 FTIR 分析的见解

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103106
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
• 作者: Laugier, Elise Jakoby;Casana, Jesse;Glatz, Claudia;Sameen, Salih Mohammed;Cabanes, Dan
• 通讯作者: Cabanes, Dan

Babylonian Encounters in the Upper Diyala River Valley: Contextualizing the Results of Regional Survey and the 2016-2017 Excavations at Khani Masi

• DOI: 10.3764/aja.123.3.0439
• 发表时间: 2019-07-01
• 期刊: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Glatz, Claudia;Casana, Jesse;Perruchini, Elsa
• 通讯作者: Perruchini, Elsa

Revealing invisible brews: A new approach to the chemical identification of ancient beer

揭示看不见的啤酒：古啤酒化学鉴定的新方法

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.05.010
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Journal of Archaeological Science
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Perruchini, E.;Glatz, C.;Hald, M.M.;Casana, J.;Toney, J.L.
• 通讯作者: Toney, J.L.

Archaeological Aerial Thermography in Theory and Practice

• DOI: 10.1017/aap.2017.23
• 发表时间: 2017-11-01
• 期刊: ADVANCES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICE
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Casana, Jesse;Wiewel, Adam;Laugier, Elise J.
• 通讯作者: Laugier, Elise J.