Investigating the Nature of Excitations in Superfluid 3He Using MEMS Oscillators

使用 MEMS 振荡器研究超流体 3He 中的激发性质

• 批准号: 1708818
• 负责人: Yoonseok Lee
• 金额: $ 46.43万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1708818&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigating; Nature; Excitations; Superfluid; 3He

Non-technical Description:More than 50 years ago, a distinguished theoretical physicist and a science writer George Gamow said that only number theory and topology had no application to physics. Nonetheless, physicists started to understand the significant role of topology in physics since 1980's, and new types of materials called topological quantum matter are being discovered. These materials possess unexpected properties which not only expand our knowledge but also functionality of the materials. In general, these topological materials are composed of multiple elements with complex structures. However, a form of helium, called helium-three isotope, becomes a topological matter when it is cooled down to a liquid form at extremely low temperature close to absolute zero. At such conditions it forms a new state of matter called a superfluid that exhibits fascinating quantum phenomena. In this project, the PI's research group investigates the nature of superfluid helium-three using a unique experimental technique employing small mechanical oscillators. This project will expand our understanding on these unique properties of helium-three. The research group is composed of graduate and undergraduate students working as a team. They will be trained not only in the field of low-temperature physics but also in silicon nanofabrication technology from design to fabrication of specialized devices that have proliferated our modern world through their widespread use as sensors and actuators.Technical Description: Growing interest in the surface Andreev bound states in p-wave superfluid 3He arises from the fact that it is arguably the most complete platform available to investigate the nature of topological excitations. The PI's group has developed a versatile and powerful experimental probe based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology to study the surface Andreev bound states in this system. The major activities are: (i) Investigation of the topological surface states on a specular boundary for comprehensive understanding of the nature such as experimental evidence for Dirac fermions and a possible field-driven topological transition. (ii) Investigation of the interactions between two surface states in close proximity. (iii) Development of a sensitive quasiparticle flux sensor with a spatially resolved detection capability in the form of MEMS arrays. This project, in close collaboration with theorists, will certainly expand our understanding of these unique excitations in a pristine topological superfluid. Confirmation of the theoretically predicted topological transition induced by a small magnetic field would be one of the most convincing manifestation of a symmetry-protected topological superfluid and Majorana fermions in this system. The successful development of MEMS arrays will provide unprecedented opportunities to achieve spatially-resolved detection in 3He and 4He with many foreseeable applications: visualization of vortices and angle-resolved detection of quasiparticles in 3He, and momentum resolved roton-phonon detection and quantum turbulence study in He-II.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术描述：50多年前，一位杰出的理论物理学家、科普作家乔治·伽莫夫（George Gamow）表示，只有数论和拓扑学无法应用于物理学。 尽管如此，自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，物理学家开始了解拓扑在物理学中的重要作用，并且被称为拓扑量子物质的新型材料不断被发现。 这些材料具有意想不到的特性，不仅扩展了我们的知识，而且还扩展了材料的功能。 一般来说，这些拓扑材料由多种元素组成，结构复杂。 然而，氦的一种形式，称为氦三同位素，当它在接近绝对零的极低温度下冷却到液体形式时，就会变成拓扑物质。 在这种条件下，它形成一种称为超流体的新物质状态，表现出令人着迷的量子现象。 在该项目中，PI 的研究小组使用小型机械振荡器的独特实验技术研究了超流氦三的性质。 该项目将扩大我们对氦三这些独特性质的理解。 该研究小组由研究生和本科生组成，作为一个团队进行工作。 他们不仅将接受低温物理领域的培训，还将接受硅纳米制造技术的培训，从设计到制造专用设备，这些设备通过广泛用作传感器和执行器，在我们的现代世界中得到了广泛应用。 技术描述：人们对表面的兴趣日益浓厚p 波超流体 3He 中的安德烈夫束缚态源于这样一个事实：它可以说是可用于研究拓扑激发性质的最完整的平台。 PI 的团队开发了一种基于微机电系统 (MEMS) 技术的多功能且功能强大的实验探针，用于研究该系统中的表面安德烈夫束缚态。 主要活动是：（i）研究镜面边界上的拓扑表面态，以全面了解本质，例如狄拉克费米子的实验证据和可能的场驱动拓扑转变。 (ii) 研究两个非常接近的表面态之间的相互作用。 (iii) 开发具有 MEMS 阵列形式的空间分辨检测能力的灵敏准粒子通量传感器。 该项目与理论家密切合作，必将扩大我们对原始拓扑超流体中这些独特激发的理解。 理论上预测的由小磁场引起的拓扑转变的证实将是该系统中对称保护的拓扑超流体和马约拉纳费米子最令人信服的表现之一。 MEMS阵列的成功开发将为实现3He和4He中的空间分辨探测提供前所未有的机会，并具有许多可预见的应用：3He中涡流的可视化和准粒子的角度分辨探测，以及动量分辨的旋转子声子探测和量子湍流研究。 He-II。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Damping of a microelectromechanical oscillator in turbulent superfluid He4 : A probe of quantized vorticity in the ultralow temperature regime

湍流超流体 He4 中微机电振荡器的阻尼：超低温状态下量子化涡度的探针

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.101.174513
• 发表时间: 2020-05
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Barquist, C. S.;Jiang, W. G.;Gunther, K.;Eng, N.;Lee, Y.;Chan, H. B.
• 通讯作者: Chan, H. B.

Phase noise in a Duffing oscillator induced by quantum turbulence

量子湍流引起的杜芬振荡器中的相位噪声

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.106.094502
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Barquist, C. S.;Jiang, W. G.;Gunther, K.;Lee, Y.;Chan, H. B.
• 通讯作者: Chan, H. B.

Superfluid He3−B surface states in a confined geometry probed by a microelectromechanical oscillator

微机电振荡器探测受限几何结构中的超流体 He3âB 表面态

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.108.024508
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Jiang, W. G.;Barquist, C. S.;Gunther, K.;Lee, Y.;Chan, H. B.
• 通讯作者: Chan, H. B.

Surface 4 He Adsorption Level Determination with a Microelectromechanical Oscillator

使用微机电振荡器测定表面 4 He 吸附水平

• DOI: 10.7566/jpscp.38.011191
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics
• 作者: Jiang, W. G.;Barquist, C. S.;Gunther, K.;Lee, Y.
• 通讯作者: Lee, Y.

Determining the source of phase noise: Response of a driven Duffing oscillator to low-frequency damping and resonance frequency fluctuations

确定相位噪声源：驱动杜芬振荡器对低频阻尼和谐振频率波动的响应

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2021.132999
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena
• 作者: Barquist, C.S.;Jiang, W.G.;Gunther, K.;Lee, Y.
• 通讯作者: Lee, Y.