Quantum Interferometry with Photon-Subtracted Twin Beams

光子相减双光束量子干涉测量

• 批准号: 1708023
• 负责人: Olivier Pfister
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1708023&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantum; Interferometry; Photon; Subtracted; Twin

Physics relies on the experimental observation of Nature and the Universe, with ever more precise measurements. Improving the precision and sensitivity of physical measurement is therefore key to furthering the progress of science. This project will explore a novel method to improve measurements using quantum optics to advance the art of interferometry. Interferometric measurements, in which the phase difference between two waves is measured in order to gain information about the physical laws that cause such a phase difference, are among the most precise classes of measurements. A spectacular illustration of the power of interferometry is the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), which has revealed the minescule ripples of the fabric of space-time caused by the merging of black holes in the cosmos, with three such events observed since the fall of 2015. Other prevalent examples of interferometry include high-resolution phase masks in microlithography, crucial to semiconductor chip fabrication and Moore's law in the computer industry; interferometric techniques for microscopy, such as phase contrast imaging in biology; and Ramsey interferometry, used for precise atomic clocks. Thus the results of this project can have a significant impact in a number of critical areas of technology.The ultimate sensitivity of interferometers such as LIGO and atomic clocks is dictated by quantum mechanics. Indeed, any interferometer, for example an optical one, possesses intrisically quantum mechanical measurement noise floors which are consequences of the quantum duality between the undulatory (electromagnetic wave) and corpuscular (photon) nature of light. Classical interferometers, such as LIGO and atomic clocks in their current versions, are shot-noise limited, which means their phase noise floor is of the order of the reciprocal of the square root of the average particle number (photon or atom) used in a measurement. However, this is far from the ultimate, Heisenberg, limit, which is of the order of the reciprocal of the average particle number. This limit can be reached by "quantum engineering" the light waves used in the interferometer. This project puts forward a new type of Heisenberg-limited interferometer, in which twin optical beams, the photon-correlated beams emitted by a optical parametric amplifier, see one photon subtracted from them in an indistinguishable manner before they are used as input in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The project is unique among all previous proposals for Heisenberg-limited interferometry in that it features a Heisenberg-limited noise floor, a strong, direct interference fringe signal, and is experimentally feasible using state-of-the-art quantum optics technology that was previously demonstrated in the group of Prof. Pfister at the University of Virginia. If successful, this project could bring about multiple orders of magnitude measurement sensitivity improvement in phase-contrast imaging, which would allow nondestructive in vivo biological imaging by applying quantum light.

物理学依赖于对自然和宇宙的实验观察，以及更加精确的测量。 因此，提高物理测量的精度和灵敏度是推动科学进步的关键。 该项目将探索一种利用量子光学改进测量的新方法，以推进干涉测量技术。 干涉测量是最精确的测量类别之一，其中测量两个波之间的相位差，以获得有关导致这种相位差的物理定律的信息。 激光干涉仪引力波天文台 (LIGO) 是干涉测量威力的一个壮观例证，它揭示了宇宙中黑洞合并引起的时空结构中微小的涟漪，此后观测到了三起此类事件2015 年秋季。干涉测量的其他常见示例包括微光刻中的高分辨率相位掩模，这对半导体芯片制造和计算机行业的摩尔定律至关重要；用于显微镜的干涉测量技术，例如生物学中的相差成像；拉姆齐干涉仪，用于精确原子钟。因此，该项目的结果可能会对许多关键技术领域产生重大影响。LIGO 和原子钟等干涉仪的最终灵敏度由量子力学决定。事实上，任何干涉仪，例如光学干涉仪，都具有本质上的量子力学测量噪声本底，这是光的波动（电磁波）和粒子（光子）性质之间的量子二元性的结果。经典干涉仪，例如当前版本的 LIGO 和原子钟，受到散粒噪声的限制，这意味着它们的相位本底噪声的量级为干涉仪中使用的平均粒子数（光子或原子）的平方根的倒数。测量。然而，这距离最终的海森堡极限还很远，该极限是平均粒子数的倒数。通过对干涉仪中使用的光波进行“量子工程”可以达到该极限。该项目提出了一种新型海森堡有限干涉仪，其中双光束（由光学参量放大器发射的光子相关光束）在用作马赫数的输入之前，会以不可区分的方式从中减去一个光子。 -Zehnder干涉仪。该项目在海森堡限制干涉测量的所有先前提案中是独一无二的，因为它具有海森堡限制本底噪声、强大的直接干涉条纹信号，并且使用以前的最先进的量子光学技术在实验上是可行的。弗吉尼亚大学 Pfister 教授小组进行了演示。如果成功，该项目可以使相差成像的测量灵敏度提高多个数量级，从而可以通过应用量子光进行无损体内生物成像。

项目成果

State-independent quantum state tomography by photon-number-resolving measurements

通过光子数分辨测量进行与状态无关的量子态层析成像

• DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.001356
• 发表时间: 2019-10
• 期刊: Optica
• 影响因子: 10.4
• 作者: Nehra, Rajveer;Win, Aye;Eaton, Miller;Shahrokhshahi, Reihaneh;Sridhar, Niranjan;Gerrits, Thomas;Lita, Adriana;Nam, Sae Woo;Pfister, Olivier
• 通讯作者: Pfister, Olivier

Experimental preparation of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states by photon-number-resolving detection

通过光子数分辨检测制备 Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill 态的实验

• DOI: 10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.fth4d.5
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
• 作者: Eaton, Miller;Nehra, Rajveer;Pfister, Olivier
• 通讯作者: Pfister, Olivier

Quantum tomography of a single-photon state by photon-number parity measurements

通过光子数奇偶校验测量进行单光子态的量子断层扫描

• DOI: 10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.ff1a.6
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
• 作者: Nehra, Rajveer;Win, Aye;Eaton, Miller;Sridhar, Niranjan;Shahrokhshahi, Reihaneh;Gerrits, Thomas;Lita, Adriana;Nam, Sae Woo;Pfister, Olivier
• 通讯作者: Pfister, Olivier

Non-Gaussian and Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill state preparation by photon catalysis

通过光子催化制备非高斯和 Gottesman—Kitaev—Preskill 态

• DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab5330
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: New Journal of Physics
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Eaton, Miller;Nehra, Rajveer;Pfister, Olivier
• 通讯作者: Pfister, Olivier

Generalized overlap quantum state tomography1

广义重叠量子态断层扫描1

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.042002
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Physical Review Research
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Nehra, Rajveer;Eaton, Miller;González;Kim, M. S.;Gerrits, Thomas;Lita, Adriana;Nam, Sae Woo;Pfister, Olivier
• 通讯作者: Pfister, Olivier