SaTC-BSF: CORE: Small: Collaborative: Making Blockchains Scale Privately and Reliably

SaTC-BSF：核心：小型：协作：使区块链私密且可靠地扩展

• 批准号: 1719196
• 负责人: Aniket Kate
• 金额: $ 25.77万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1719196&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SaTC; BSF; CORE; Small; Collaborative

This research explores ways to simultaneously improve both the scalability and privacy of blockchain technologies. A blockchain is a massively distributed, append-only log of transactions that is cryptographically protected from tampering. Thanks to their capacity towards facilitating fast and inexpensive transactions across the globe and their powerful scripting-language support for complex financial instruments, blockchains have already proven to be a highly disruptive force in the finance and e-commerce sectors. Nevertheless, at least two major hurdles still stand in the way of mainstream blockchain acceptance: 1) 'traditional' blockchain architectures are not sufficiently scalable to handle the ever-growing base of blockchain users and the resulting proliferation of transactions, and 2) despite myriad efforts to improve blockchain privacy, users of public blockchains remain susceptible to devastating attacks on the privacy of their accounts and transactions, which often lead to security breaches causing financial losses for the victims. The approaches explored in this project provide privacy for blockchain users where previous efforts have failed by rethinking the one-size-fits-all approach of using Tor to solve all problems requiring anonymity and/or unlinkability. Indeed, running complex protocols over Tor is fraught with risks and can open users to subtle-yet-devastating deanonymization attacks; the tailor-made solutions developed in this project leverage domain-specific knowledge to mitigate these risks.The project addresses privacy concerns as they relate both to traditional blockchain transactions and to newer 'payment channel network' transactions. Payment channel networks promise greatly improved scalability by allowing secure (off-chain) payment requiring no interaction with the blockchain ledger. In the context of traditional blockchain transactions, this research develops innovative ways to 1) privately publish transactions to a blockchain by integrating tailor-made anonymous communication protocols directly into the blockchain communication infrastructure, and 2) privately retrieve transactions from a blockchain using carefully optimized private information retrieval (PIR) protocols that support expressive blockchain queries. In the context of payment channel networks, the project 1) explores the (im)possibility of performing off-chain transactions privately, and 2) develops a new theoretical framework and toolkit of algorithms for ensuring availability and quality of service for payment channel transactions in extreme adversarial conditions. Additionally, as part of this project, the multi-institution and transnational team of PIs are deploying a distributed instantiation of the new private blockchain transaction retrieval solutions, which will be open to use by the public. Along with training graduate students, the project puts a major emphasis on undergraduate involvement in this emerging area of blockchain research.

这项研究探讨了同时提高区块链技术的可扩展性和隐私性的方法。区块链是一个大规模分布的，仅附加的交易日志，在密码上受到密码保护，不受篡改。由于它们有能力促进全球快速，廉价的交易及其对复杂金融工具的强大脚本语言支持的能力，区块链已经被证明是金融和电子商务部门的高度破坏性力量。尽管如此，至少两个主要障碍仍然阻碍主流区块链的接受方式：1）“传统”区块链架构不足以应付不断成长违反了受害者的经济损失。该项目中探索的方法为区块链用户提供了隐私，在这种情况下，以前的努力通过重新考虑了使用TOR来解决所有需要匿名性和/或无链接的所有问题的一种尺寸合适方法。实际上，在TOR上运行复杂的协议充满了风险，可以为用户开放以微妙的侵犯脱名字攻击。该项目中开发的量身定制的解决方案利用特定于域的知识来减轻这些风险。该项目解决了与传统区块链交易既有联系的隐私问题，又解决了“支付渠道网络”交易。支付渠道网络通过允许安全（链）付款不需要与区块链分类帐无相互作用，从而大大提高了可伸缩性。在传统的区块链交易的背景下，这项研究开发了创新的方式1）通过将量身定制的匿名通信协议直接集成到区块链通信基础架构中，以及2）私下将交易出版给区块链，以及2）使用精心挑战的私人信息检索（PIR）协议从区块链中私下检索交易，这些协议支持明确的区块链，以支持Quernies。在支付渠道网络的背景下，项目1）探索（IM）私下执行链交易的（IM）可能性，2）开发了一个新的理论框架和算法工具包，以确保在极端对抗条件下的付款渠道交易的可用性和服务质量。此外，作为该项目的一部分，PI的多机构和跨国团队正在部署新的私人区块链交易检索解决方案的分布式实例化，该解决方案将由公众开放。该项目与培训研究生一起，重点是本科参与区块链研究领域。

项目成果

Efficient Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Cross-Domains Without Trusted Setup

无需可信设置的跨域高效非交互式零知识证明

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17253-4_10
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Public-Key Cryptography – PKC 2019
• 作者: Backes, Michael;Hanzlik, Lucjan;Herzberg, Amir;Kate, Aniket;Pryvalov, Ivan.
• 通讯作者: Pryvalov, Ivan.

Verifiable Timed Signatures Made Practical

可验证的定时签名变得实用

• DOI: 10.1145/3372297.3417263
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
• 作者: Thyagarajan, Sri Aravinda;Bhat, Adithya;Malavolta, Giulio;Döttling, Nico;Kate, Aniket;Schröder, Dominique
• 通讯作者: Schröder, Dominique

OpenSquare: Decentralized Repeated Modular Squaring Service

OpenSquare：去中心化重复模块化平方服务

• DOI: 10.1145/3460120.3484809
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
• 作者: Thyagarajan, Sri Aravinda;Gong, Tiantian;Bhat, Adithya;Kate, Aniket;Schröder, Dominique
• 通讯作者: Schröder, Dominique

Comprehensive Anonymity Trilemma: User Coordination is not enough

全面的匿名困境：用户协调还不够

• DOI: 10.2478/popets-2020-0056
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
• 作者: Das, Debajyoti;Meiser, Sebastian;Mohammadi, Esfandiar;Kate, Aniket
• 通讯作者: Kate, Aniket

HoneyBadgerMPC and AsynchroMix: Practical Asynchronous MPC and its Application to Anonymous Communication

• DOI: 10.1145/3319535.3354238
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
• 作者: Donghang Lu;Thomas Yurek;Samarth Kulshreshtha;R. Govind;Rahul Mahadev;Aniket Kate;Andrew K. Miller