Structure of the Nucleon and Few-Body Nuclear Systems with Electron Scattering

具有电子散射的核子和少体核系统的结构

• 批准号: 1714809
• 负责人: Gerassimos Petratos
• 金额: $ 52.4万
• 依托单位: Kent State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714809&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Structure; Nucleon; Few; Body; Nuclear

This award is to support a suite of nuclear physics experiments at the Jefferson National Laboratory (JLab). Electrons from the JLab accelerator will be scattered from light mass nuclear targets, the scattered electrons will then be detected in instruments located in the experimental halls. By measuring the number of scattered electrons at different positions in the detectors, the PIs will be able to compare the experimental results to theoretical models that predict the internal structure of the proton and neutron. Knowing this structure plays a critical role in understanding the strong force, one of the four principal forces that determine the structure of the universe as we know it. The supported investigators will play a major, leading role in all aspects of the project, namely the preparation of all experimental apparatuses to be used, the acquisition of the experimental data, the data analysis, and the publication of the results. The graduate students involved will be exposed to and gain expertise with both hardware and software development. The project is expected to make significant contributions to the advancement of basic nuclear physics science, and to graduate education and training. The project will result in doctoral dissertation topics on related science and instrumentation, which provide the experience needed for careers in education, medical physics, homeland security, technology, and research at national laboratories.The supported research will provide fundamental information on the momentum distributions of the quarks inside the proton and neutron, by using a novel method of directly comparing measurements of inelastic electron scattering from helium-3 (3He) and tritium (3H) nuclei. This method is complementary to that used in past experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, which showed the existence of point-like "partons" inside the nucleons, by utilizing inelastic electron scattering from hydrogen and deuterium (2H) nuclei. The new method will eliminate inherent theoretical uncertainties present in the Stanford method. The results will test long-standing predictions of the Quark Model of the nucleon, and of Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory describing the interactions between quarks and gluons. A secondary goal of the award is the improvement and re-submission of a proposal to be submitted to the JLab Proposal Advisory Committee for a measurement of the elastic charge and magnetic form factors of the 3H nucleus, which will provide critical information for the development of a "standard model" describing the structure and dynamics of the simplest, lightest nuclei in nature.

该奖项旨在支持杰斐逊国家实验室（JLAB）的一套核物理实验。 JLAB加速器的电子将从光质量核目标中散射，然后将在实验大厅的仪器中检测到散射的电子。通过测量检测器中不同位置的散射电子数量，PI将能够将实验结果与预测质子和中子内部内部结构的理论模型进行比较。知道这种结构在理解强大力量中起着关键作用，这是决定宇宙结构的四个主要力量之一。 受支持的研究人员将在项目的各个方面发挥重要作用，即准备所有要使用的实验仪器，实验数据的获取，数据分析以及结果的发布。 参与的研究生将受到硬件和软件开发的专业知识。预计该项目将为基础核物理科学的发展以及研究生教育和培训做出重大贡献。该项目将导致有关相关科学和仪器的博士论文主题，这些主题为国家实验室的教育，医学物理，国土安全，技术和研究所需的经验提供了经验。支持的研究将提供有关Proton和Neutron内部夸克的动量分布的基本信息，该信息使用直接比较旋转式Electron and the的新方法（3）（3）（3）核。 该方法与斯坦福线性加速器中心过去实验中使用的方法互补，该中心通过利用氢和氘（2H）核中的无弹性电子散射，显示了核中点状的“ parton”。 新方法将消除斯坦福法中存在的固有理论不确定性。 结果将测试核子夸克模型和量子染色体动力学的长期预测，该理论描述了夸克与胶子之间的相互作用。 该奖项的次要目标是提出提议的改进和重新提交，以提交给JLAB提案咨询委员会，以测量3H核的弹性电荷和磁性形式，这将为“标准模型”的开发提供关键信息，以描述自然界最简单，最轻的核的结构和动态。