Collaborative Research: Drainage network evolution following continental glaciation

合作研究：大陆冰川作用后的排水网络演化

• 批准号: 1656985
• 负责人: Peter Moore
• 金额: $ 12.32万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1656985&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Drainage; network; evolution

When the Pleistocene ice sheets retreated from low-elevation continental interiors (for example, the upper Midwest), they left behind vast low-relief plains dotted with wetland basins and few well-established streams. It is evident from looking at landscapes formed on glaciated plains of different ages that elaborate stream networks become established over time, reducing the abundance and extent of wetlands and increasing the extent of streams. However, the rate and mechanism of this "drainage integration" is unknown. The consequences of drainage integration are significant not only because erosional reshaping modifies the physical landscape, but also because it forges faster and more direct hydrological connections between uplands and streams. These hydrological connections have important implications for water resource management throughout these landscapes.This collaborative project will combine laboratory simulations, computer modeling of landscape evolution, and field and geospatial analysis of stream network evolution in real Midwestern landscapes uncovered by Pleistocene ice sheets at different times in the last ice age. Each effort will be aimed at understanding the processes and rates of channel extension and wetland basin breaching in real and simulated landscapes. The key objectives are to identify how natural processes of water flow and sediment transport in these settings govern the spatial patterns of evolving stream networks and their rate of development through time.

当更新世冰盖从低海拔大陆内部（例如中西部上部）退缩时，留下了广阔的低地势平原，上面点缀着湿地盆地和一些发育良好的溪流。从不同年龄的冰川平原上形成的景观可以明显看出，随着时间的推移，复杂的河流网络逐渐形成，减少了湿地的丰富度和范围，并增加了河流的范围。然而，这种“排水一体化”的速度和机制尚不清楚。排水整合的后果意义重大，不仅因为侵蚀重塑改变了自然景观，还因为它在高地和溪流之间建立了更快、更直接的水文联系。这些水文联系对整个这些景观的水资源管理具有重要意义。该合作项目将结合实验室模拟、景观演化的计算机建模，以及更新世冰盖在不同时期发现的真实中西部景观中河流网络演化的现场和地理空间分析。最后一个冰河时代。每项工作都旨在了解真实和模拟景观中河道延伸和湿地盆地破裂的过程和速率。主要目标是确定这些环境中水流和沉积物运输的自然过程如何控制不断演变的河流网络的空间模式及其随时间的发展速度。