Collaborative Proposal: MSB-FRA: Improved Understanding of Feedbacks between Ecosystem Phenology and the Weather-Environment Nexus at Local-to-Continental Scales

合作提案：MSB-FRA：提高对地方到大陆尺度生态系统物候学与天气环境关系之间反馈的理解

• 批准号: 1702551
• 负责人: Toby Ault
• 金额: $ 42.64万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702551&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; MSB; FRA; Improved

Phenology--the rhythm of the seasons--drives the progression of vegetation through its annual cycles from dormancy to activity and back to dormancy. Phenology is thus critical for many ecological processes. It also directly influences ecosystem productivity and the production of many goods and ecosystem services on which human society is reliant. Importantly, phenological rhythms are highly sensitive to year-to-year variability in weather, but they can also in turn influence weather itself. Thus, there are feedbacks between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere that are phenologically-controlled. This project will use imagery from a network of digital cameras--the PhenoCam Network--to track vegetation phenology at high spatial and temporal resolution across North America, from tundra to the tropics. Together with sophisticated computer simulations, this project will then investigate phenologically-controlled ecosystem-atmosphere feedbacks across a climatic gradient from the Southwest, through the Great Plains, and into the Northeastern US. The question this project seeks to answer is, How much influence do these feedbacks have on how ecosystems work, and at what spatial and temporal scales? This question is important from the point of view of managing and sustaining healthy ecosystems. Public participation in scientific research will be achieved through collaboration with the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Project's Schoolyard program and the Summer Research Program. Through these efforts this project will contribute to the education and training of traditionally under-represented groups. This project additionally includes interdisciplinary training and research opportunities for graduate-level students and three postdoctoral research associates. Imagery and data from PhenoCam will continue to be made publicly available, in near-real time, for research and education.This project strives to understand the role of phenology in mediating ecosystem-atmosphere coupling and feedbacks at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The researchers will apply a macrosystems approach by integrating simulation models and observational data to investigate cross-scale interactions and emergent phenomena. First, they will use data from the PhenoCam network, a continental-scale phenological observatory, to develop improved models of vegetation phenology. Then, they will conduct a hierarchy of computer simulation experiments to investigate interactions between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere/climate system that are controlled by phenology. Specifically, this project investigates: (1) How does phenology regulate the strength of ecosystem-atmosphere coupling across a continental-scale ecoclimatic gradient? (2) How does the seasonality of ecosystem-atmosphere coupling vary within and across this gradient? and, (3) How do coupled ecosystem-atmosphere dynamics influence ecosystem function at local to continental spatial scales and seasonal to interannual timescales? The researchers will derive phenological metrics by applying image analysis methods to time series of digital camera images from PhenoCam. Formal model selection criteria will be used to test and evaluate different model structures for the phenology of key plant functional types. The researchers will tackle their key science questions using a sophisticated earth system model with prescribed and prognostic phenology scenarios. These analyses will be complemented by empirical, data-driven analyses fusing PhenoCam data, satellite remote sensing, daily meteorological data and gridded reanalysis products, and micrometeorological measurements of ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of CO2, water and energy from AmeriFlux sites. Camera and flux data from NEON sites will be incorporated as these become available. Broader impacts from this project will target formal and informal science education, the development of scientific infrastructure, and training of the next generation of interdisciplinary earth system scientists.

物候学 - 季节的节奏 - 通过其从休眠到活动再到休眠的年度周期，驱动植被的发展。因此，物候学对于许多生态过程至关重要。它还直接影响生态系统的生产率以及人类社会依赖的许多商品和生态系统服务的生产。重要的是，物候节律对天气的年度变化高度敏感，但它们也可能影响天气本身。因此，陆地生态系统与大气之间存在反馈。该项目将使用来自数码相机网络的图像（近苯甲烷网络） - 从苔原（Tundra）到热带地区的高空间和时间分辨率跟踪植被物候。然后，该项目将与复杂的计算机模拟一起，然后研究从西南，大平原，到美国东北部的气候梯度，跨越现场控制的生态系统 - 大气反馈。该项目试图回答的问题是，这些反馈对生态系统的工作方式以及在什么空间和时间尺度上产生了多少影响？从管理和维持健康的生态系统的角度来看，这个问题很重要。通过与哈佛森林长期生态研究项目的校园计划和夏季研究计划的合作，将实现公众参与科学研究。通过这些努力，这个项目将有助于传统代表性不足的群体的教育和培训。该项目还包括为研究生级学生和三名博士后研究员提供跨学科培训和研究机会。对于研究和教育，将继续在近乎现实的研究中公开提供来自该苯可汉的图像和数据。该项目致力于了解物候在多个空间和时间尺度下介导生态系统 - 大气耦合和反馈的作用。研究人员将通过集成模拟模型和观察数据来研究跨尺度相互作用和新兴现象，应用宏观系统方法。首先，他们将使用来自近晶量候观测站的苯治网络中的数据来开发改进的植被物候模型。然后，他们将进行计算机仿真实验的层次结构，以研究陆地生态系统与由物候控制的大气/气候系统之间的相互作用。具体而言，该项目研究了：（1）物候学如何调节大陆尺度生态气候梯度之间的生态系统 - 大气耦合的强度？ （2）生态系统 - 大气耦合的季节性在该梯度内部和跨度如何变化？并且（3）耦合生态系统 - 大气动力学如何影响局部至大陆空间尺度的生态系统功能以及季节性到年际时间表？研究人员将通过将图像分析方法应用于现场数码相机图像的时间序列来得出物质指标。正式的模型选择标准将用于测试和评估关键植物功能类型物候的不同模型结构。研究人员将使用具有规定和预后的物候学场景的复杂地球系统模型来解决他们的关键科学问题。这些分析将通过经验，数据驱动的分析来补充，从而融合了苯治疗法数据，卫星遥感，每日气象数据和网格的重新分析产物以及生态系统 - 二氧化碳 - 二氧化碳 - 二氧化碳通量，ameriflux Sites的水和能量的微观气象测量。由于可用，将合并来自霓虹灯站点的摄像机和通量数据。该项目的更广泛影响将针对正规和非正式的科学教育，科学基础设施的发展以及下一代跨学科地球系统科学家的培训。

项目成果

Development and analysis of spring plant phenology products: 36 years of 1-km grids over the conterminous US

• DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.06.028
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• 影响因子: 6.2
• 作者: E. Izquierdo-Verdiguier;R. Zurita-Milla;T. Ault;M. D. Schwartz

Spring Onset Predictability in the North American Multimodel Ensemble

• DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028597
• 发表时间: 2018-06-16
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Carrillo, Carlos M.;Ault, Toby R.;Wilks, Daniel S.
• 通讯作者: Wilks, Daniel S.

Global linkages between teleconnection patterns and the terrestrial biosphere

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2018.02.017
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation
• 作者: K. Dahlin;T. Ault