Collaborative Research: Does variation in development explain variation in phenological responses to temperature?

合作研究：发育的变化是否可以解释物候对温度的反应的变化？

基本信息

批准号：
1655831
负责人：
Pamela Diggle
金额：
$ 8.37万
依托单位：
University of Connecticut
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-05-01 至 2022-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655831&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Does variation development

项目摘要

The boreal forest (a habitat that covers 29% of the US and Canada) is undergoing earlier springs, warmer summers, and extended falls. While many plants respond to warmer springs by flowering earlier, a significant number of species do not respond, and some even show delayed flowering. Such patterns are inconsistent with predictions based on well-understood physiological responses to temperature. For plants that grow in boreal forest, however, the process that ends in the bursting of flower buds actually begins a year or more before flowers open, a developmental process known as "preformation". This research will test the hypothesis that the effects of rising temperatures on the extended period of preformation explain delayed flowering. The effects of rising temperatures on preformation may limit the extent to which plants can adapt to environmental variability. The discovery of a strong role for development could dramatically improve our ability to predict the timing of flowering in high-latitude communities and may also provide insights into how temperate trees and shrubs, the majority of which preform flowers, will respond to increasing temperatures. This project will also involve citizen scientists, who will obtain phenology, temperature and snow depth data from across Alaska.This project will evaluate three potential effects of warm temperatures on the development of flower primordia: increasing temperatures could 1) induce early bud set and dormancy; 2) induce more rapid development and / or a delay in bud set so that some buds mature in the fall of the year in which they were initiated; and 3) delay flower initiation. Eight species of understory boreal shrubs will be studied; their small stature makes them amenable to experimental temperature manipulation, and because they are woody they likely share features of preformation with the dominant trees and shrubs of diverse plant communities. Open-topped chambers will be used to raise temperatures for one or two growing seasons, and development will be followed over the course of three years. Temperature will be related to potential developmental determinants of flower opening: timing of initiation, rate of development, and cessation of growth. By manipulating and analyzing the effects of time of snow melt, date of growth initiation and temperature across the entire multi-year trajectory of flower development for representative species, the researchers will identify the mechanisms that underlie "non-typical" phenological responses.

北方森林（覆盖美国和加拿大 29% 面积的栖息地）正在经历春天提前、夏天温暖和秋天延长。虽然许多植物通过提早开花来应对温暖的春天，但相当多的物种没有做出反应，有些甚至表现出延迟开花。这种模式与基于众所周知的温度生理反应的预测不一致。然而，对于生长在北方森林中的植物来说，以花蕾绽放结束的过程实际上是在花朵开放前一年或更长时间开始的，这一发育过程称为“预成”。这项研究将检验这样一个假设：温度升高对预花期延长的影响解释了开花延迟。温度升高对预形成的影响可能会限制植物适应环境变化的程度。发育的强大作用的发现可以极大地提高我们预测高纬度群落开花时间的能力，并且还可以深入了解温带树木和灌木（其中大多数是预成型花）将如何响应不断升高的温度。该项目还将涉及公民科学家，他们将获得阿拉斯加各地的物候、温度和雪深数据。该项目将评估温暖的气温对花卉原基发育的三种潜在影响：增加温度可能 1) 诱导提早发芽和休眠; 2) 诱导更快速的发育和/或延迟芽的形成，使得一些芽在它们萌生当年的秋季成熟； 3) 延迟开花。将研究八种林下北方灌木；它们的身材矮小，适合实验性的温度控制，而且由于它们是木质的，它们可能与不同植物群落的优势树木和灌木具有共同的预形成特征。顶部开放的房间将用于提高一到两个生长季节的温度，并且将在三年内进行发育跟踪。温度与花开放的潜在发育决定因素有关：起始时间、发育速率和生长停止。通过操纵和分析融雪时间、生长起始日期和温度对代表性物种花卉发育的整个多年轨迹的影响，研究人员将确定“非典型”物候反应背后的机制。