DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Fossils, fruits, and phylogeny: an integrative approach to understanding the historical biogeography of palms over the last 100 million years

论文研究：化石、水果和系统发育：了解过去一亿年棕榈树历史生物地理学的综合方法

• 批准号: 1701645
• 负责人: Selena Smith
• 金额: $ 2.02万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701645&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Fossils; fruits; phylogeny

Palms are found abundantly throughout tropical regions worldwide and have important roles in ecosystems and the global economy. Palms are an interesting group of plants from both an evolutionary and environmental perspective. They have a long evolutionary history stretching back at least 90 million years, evidenced by a rich and widespread fossil record, and are useful indicators of past environmental conditions due to the narrow climatic range within which most can survive. By using the fossil record to inform the evolutionary history of palms, this research seeks to understand their geographical range, and how they have responded to changing environments throughout their history. This research will test current hypotheses on palm evolution, and generate publicly available databases of living and fossil palm diversity. One graduate student will be trained in diverse systematics methods, and datasets generated by this research will also be used to train undergraduates from underrepresented groups. Materials from the research will also be used to develop interactive exhibits for teaching about plant structure, diversity, and evolution to the public.This project investigates the historical biogeography of the palm family by incorporating empirical data from the geologic record into phylogenetic and model-based biogeographic analyses. It will test current hypotheses of a Laurasian origin of the crown node of Arecaceae and of the biogeographic origins of the major subfamilies. This work will also investigate the role of shifting continental geography in the radiation of palms, and how climatic changes correlate with shifts in dispersal and extinction rates over the last 100 million years. A comprehensive database of the palm fossil record will be compiled and the data incorporated into a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) model to infer historical ranges of taxa, and a dispersal-extinction-sampling model to compute dispersal and extinction rates over time, which can be correlated with climate data. Fossil fruits with sufficient characters for inclusion in a phylogenetic analysis will be studied using X-ray micro-computed tomography, and will be used to generate a time-calibrated phylogeny for use in the DEC analysis. Outcomes include a comprehensive fossil record database for palms, 3D morphological data on living palms, a tribe-level chronogram for the family, and new insights into the historical biogeography of this important group of plants.

棕榈在世界各地的热带地区大量存在，在生态系统和全球经济中发挥着重要作用。从进化和环境的角度来看，棕榈是一组有趣的植物。它们具有悠久的进化历史，可以追溯到至少 9000 万年前，丰富而广泛的化石记录证明了它们的进化历史，并且由于大多数物种能够生存的气候范围狭窄，因此它们是过去环境条件的有用指标。通过使用化石记录来了解棕榈树的进化史，这项研究旨在了解它们的地理范围，以及它们在整个历史中如何应对不断变化的环境。这项研究将测试当前关于棕榈进化的假设，并生成现存和化石棕榈多样性的公开数据库。一名研究生将接受多种系统学方法的培训，这项研究生成的数据集也将用于培训来自代表性不足群体的本科生。研究材料还将用于开发互动展览，向公众教授植物结构、多样性和进化。该项目通过将地质记录的经验数据纳入系统发育和基于模型的研究，研究棕榈科的历史生物地理学。生物地理学分析。它将检验目前关于槟榔科冠节起源于劳亚大陆以及主要亚科的生物地理起源的假设。这项工作还将研究大陆地理变化对棕榈树辐射的影响，以及过去一亿年来气候变化与扩散和灭绝率变化的关系。将编制棕榈化石记录的综合数据库，并将数据纳入分散-灭绝-分支形成（DEC）模型中，以推断类群的历史范围，并纳入分散-灭绝-采样模型中，以计算随时间推移的分散和灭绝率，这可以与气候数据相关联。具有足以纳入系统发育分析的特征的化石水果将使用 X 射线微计算机断层扫描进行研究，并将用于生成时间校准的系统发育以用于 DEC 分析。成果包括全面的棕榈化石记录数据库、活棕榈的 3D 形态数据、该家族的部落级年代记录图以及对这一重要植物群的历史生物地理学的新见解。

项目成果

Fossil palm fruits from India indicate a Cretaceous origin of Arecaceae tribe Borasseae

来自印度的化石棕榈果表明槟榔科部落Borasseae的白垩纪起源

• DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boz019
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Matsunaga, Kelly K;Manchester, Steven R;Srivastava, Rashmi;Kapgate, Dashrath K;Smith, Selena Y
• 通讯作者: Smith, Selena Y