Collaborative Research: Kinematic, Microphysical and Electrical Processes Leading to Extreme Lightning Flash Rates over Argentina Using RELAMPAGO Observations

合作研究：使用 RELAMPAGO 观测导致阿根廷上空出现极端闪电频率的运动学、微物理和电气过程

• 批准号: 1661785
• 负责人: Lawrence Carey
• 金额: $ 57.98万
• 依托单位: University of Alabama in Huntsville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1661785&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Kinematic; Microphysical; Electrical

Some of the largest and most electrically active storms on earth occur in west-central Argentina in the lee of the Andes Mountains. These storms initiate at the foothills of the Andes Mountains as well as the Sierras de Córdoba (SDC) and produce extreme lightning amounts, large hail, tornadoes and heavy rainfall. The goal of this project is to advance the understanding of characteristics and causes of lightning in this understudied region of uniquely intense storms and differences in electrification between these storms and other convective storms in different environments that lead to such high impact weather. Towards these goals, researchers at the University of Colorado (CU) and the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) will study atmospheric conditions and physical processes that control storm electrification and lead to extreme lightning flash rates in conjunction with other high impact weather. Measurements of these severe storms will be taken during the planned RELAMPAGO (Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations) field campaign to be able to address these goals. Such storms have a large economic impact as they pose a hazard to people, property, agriculture and infrastructure. An improved understanding of conditions and processes from the studied storms will lead to better nowcasting and forecasting of severe weather. Furthermore, this project will support educational training of graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher. They will participate in the scientific research through independent studies and participation in the RELAMPAGO field campaign and have the opportunity to collaborate with the US and international researchers from a multitude of disciplines.Some fundamental relationships between meteorology and electrification are not completely understood, including a lack of knowledge of how microphysical and kinematic processes control the development of charge regions inside deep convective storms. Recent studies in the US suggest that regional differences between microphysical, dynamical and electrical behavior exist. Thus, more research in different regions of the world such as in Argentina is needed to understand the physical connections between storm processes, electrification and lightning characteristics. The team of researchers from CU and UAH will investigate the environmental conditions and physical processes that control storm electrification and lead to extreme lightning flash rates of severe storms in west-central Argentina. The goal of the research is to advance understanding of storms producing extreme flash rates and of differences in electrification among convective storm types and environments that lead to high impact weather. This includes determining what role various storm environmental, kinematic and microphysical processes play in governing charge, charge region development and resultant flash rates and other properties (e.g., type, size, polarity, current, charge neutralized) in these extremely severe storms. Towards this goal, environmental, kinematic and microphysical measurements will be taken during the 9-month Department of Energy (DOE) CACTI (Clouds, Aerosols, and Complex Terrain Interactions) field campaign and the planned NSF/NASA/NOAA RELAMPAGO (Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations) field campaign. As part of RELAMPAGO, CU and UAH will deploy instrumentation to measure lightning characteristics, electric fields, and inferred charge structures of severe storms during the Intensive Observing Period (11/1-12/15/2018). The CU/UAH team will use measurements from radars and atmospheric soundings deployed during RELAMPAGO to obtain thermodynamic, kinematic, and microphysical measurements. These will be used together with lightning measurements from CU/UAH as well as NASA to analyze the environmental conditions favoring extreme lightning production. They will also be used to study the physical cloud processes leading to charge region creation and extreme lightning flash rates.

地球上一些最大，最大的活跃风暴发生在安第斯山脉的李的西中心阿根廷。这些暴风雨在安第斯山脉的菲斯特山脉以及塞拉斯·德·科尔多巴（SDC）的菲斯特尔开始，产生了极端的闪电，大冰雹，龙卷风和大降雨。该项目的目的是提高对独特的强烈风暴的特征和雷电特征和原因的理解，以及在不同环境中这些风暴和其他对流风暴之间的电气化差异，从而导致了如此高的影响天气。为了实现这些目标，科罗拉多大学（CU）和亨茨维尔大学（UAH）的阿拉巴马大学的研究人员将研究控制风暴电力的大气条件和身体过程，并导致极端的闪电闪光速度与其他高影响力的天气结合使用。在计划的Relampago（具有自适应地面观测值的电气化，闪电和中尺度/微观的过程的遥远灵敏度）中，将对这些严重风暴进行测量，以解决这些目标。这种风暴对人，财产，农业和基础设施造成危害，对经济产生巨大影响。对Studiod风暴的状况和过程的了解得以提高，将导致更好的天气和预测恶劣的天气。此外，该项目将支持研究生和博士后研究员的教育培训。他们将通过独立的研究和参与Relampago现场运动参与科学研究，并有机会与美国和国际研究人员合作，来自多种学科。气象学和电气化之间的某些基本关系尚不完全理解，包括缺乏了解微观物理和动态过程如何控制深入的感动区域内部的电荷区域的发展。美国最近的研究表明，存在微物理，动态和电行为之间的区域差异。这是需要在世界各个地区（例如阿根廷）进行的更多研究，以了解风暴过程，电气化和闪电特征之间的物理联系。来自CU和UAH的研究人员团队将调查控制风暴电力的环境条件和物理过程，并导致阿根廷中西部的严重暴风雨的极端闪电闪烁。该研究的目的是提高对风暴产量的极端闪光速率的了解，以及对流风暴类型和环境之间导致高影响天气的电气化差异。这包括确定各种风暴环境，运动学和微物理过程在负荷，电荷区域的发展以及结果闪光速率以及其他特性（例如，类型，大小，极性，电流，电流，电荷中和中和）中发挥作用。为了实现这一目标，将在9个月的能源部（DOE）仙人掌（云，气雾剂和复杂的地形相互作用）和计划的NSF/NSF/NASA/NOAA RELAMPAGO（遥感电气化，Lightical/Lightning，Lightning和Microptive Processions coptivations of Rotive）中进行环境，运动和微观物理测量。作为Relampago的一部分，CU和UAH将在密集的观察期间（11​​/1-12/15/2018）部署仪器来测量闪电特征，电场和推断的严重风暴电荷结构。 CU/UAH团队将使用在Relampago期间部署的雷达和大气声音的测量值，以获得热力学，运动学和微物理测量。这些将与CU/UAH以及NASA的闪电测量一起使用，以分析有利于极端闪电的环境条件。它们还将用于研究物理云过程，从而导致收费区域创建和极端的闪电闪光灯。

项目成果

Multiple Strokes Along the Same Channel to Ground in Positive Lightning Produced by a Supercell

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096714
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Yanan Zhu;P. Bitzer;V. Rakov;M. Stock;J. Lapierre;E. DiGangi;Z. Ding;Bruno L. Medina;L. Carey

The Relation of Environmental Conditions With Charge Structure in Central Argentina Thunderstorms

• DOI: 10.1029/2021ea002193
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Earth and Space Science
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Bruno L. Medina;L. Carey;P. Bitzer;T. Lang;W. Deierling

Huntsville Alabama Marx Meter Array 2: Upgrade and Capability

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ea001111
• 发表时间: 2020-04
• 期刊: Earth and Space Science
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Yanan Zhu;P. Bitzer;M. Stewart;S. Podgorny;D. Corredor;Jeff Burchfield;L. Carey;Bruno L. Medina;M. Stock

A storm safari in Subtropical South America: proyecto RELAMPAGO

南美洲亚热带风暴探险：proyecto RELAMPAGO

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0029.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Nesbitt, Stephen W.;Salio, Paola V.;Ávila, Eldo;Bitzer, Phillip;Carey, Lawrence;Chandrasekar, V.;Deierling, Wiebke;Dominguez, Francina;Dillon, Maria Eugenia;Garcia, C. Marcelo
• 通讯作者: Garcia, C. Marcelo

Microphysical and Kinematic Characteristics of Anomalous Charge Structure Thunderstorms in Cordoba, Argentina

阿根廷科尔多瓦异常电荷结构雷暴的微物理和运动学特征

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081329
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Atmosphere
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Medina, Bruno;Carey, Lawrence;Deierling, Wiebke;Lang, Timothy
• 通讯作者: Lang, Timothy