Collaborative Research: Expanded Correlative Dynamics and Meteor Studies Using the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar

合作研究：使用阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达扩展相关动力学和流星研究

• 批准号: 1647354
• 负责人: David Fritts
• 金额: $ 52.5万
• 依托单位: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1647354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Expanded; Correlative; Dynamics

The research for this award would renew the support for the ongoing operations of the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar (SAAMER) system but with diverse and significantly expanded research applications using data from two new correlative instruments to be installed by research colleagues from two other institutions (Boston University and Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Germany). SAAMER was installed on Tierra del Fuego (TdF) to observe the large-scale dynamics within the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) in the altitude range of 75 to 95 km. This height range is where the semidiurnal tide and various planetary waves have a range of diverse effects. This location is within a latitude band where these motions have large responses, but also where the existing MLT database of winds and temperatures is quite sparse. The SAAMER location on TdF was also motivated by the occurrence of the major 'hotspot' of gravity wave (GW) activity on Earth centered over the Southern Andes, Drake Passage, and Antarctic Peninsula. This hotspot is due to the major GW sources in this region, which include high mountains, strong jet streams, and the passage of vigorous frontal systems. These sources yield large GW events and significant MLT momentum fluxes (MF). Strong interactions of GW structures with the larger-scale motions in the MLT region are to be expected, and SAAMER results to date confirm expectations that the fluxes in this region would be very large. This work has also revealed an ability to characterize meteor head echoes, non-specular meteor trails, and meteor radiants observed in routine measurement modes. The new SAAMER studies would be more comprehensive than before due to correlative airglow imaging as well as new local Rayleigh lidar and multi-receiver radar measurements combined with the use of satellite observations by SABER on TIMED and CIPS on AIM for large- and small-scale dynamics studies. These multi-instrument studies will enable quantification of the important small-scale GWs (and MFs) having wavelengths ëh~20-100 km that are challenging to quantify without such correlative measurements. MLT dynamical studies, especially in regard to the quantification of GW dynamics, momentum transport and its deposition, are central needs in defining more accurate parameterizations of these dynamics in global research, weather prediction, and climate models addressing broad societal needs. Measurements of large-scale dynamics likewise serve to constrain models of these dynamics, especially at high southern latitudes. Meteoroid trajectory studies may provide clues to potential meteor impact risks. SAAMER is also an educational and training tool through various NSF programs devoted to promoting international collaborative activities between U.S. and S. American researchers and students, including extensive exchanges between the U.S., Argentina, and Brazil to date.The research award to the PI would address MLT dynamics, meteors, and microphysics with focus upon the following questions:1) Continued Large-scale dynamics studies of mean winds, tides, and PWs and their structure, interactions, and inter-hemispheric and inter-annual variability;2) Further quantification of momentum fluxes by small-scale GWs employing SAAMER, the BU all-sky imager, and the IAP Rayleigh lidar, with exploration of GW sources and their propagation characteristics combined with the study of possible development of secondary GW generation, and influences by mean winds, tides, and PWs;3) Further characterization of the meteoroid population, velocities, trajectories, diurnal, seasonal, and global variability of meteor rates, and the meteoric mass flux into the MLT; and4) Routine measurements of meteor head echoes and non-specular trails and PMSE allowing studies addressing meteor ablation and PMSE microphysics.

该奖项的研究将重新支持阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达（SAAMER）系统的持续运行，但使用来自另外两个机构的研究同事安装的两个新相关仪器的数据，研究应用多样化且显着扩展（ SAAMER安装在火地岛（TdF），以观测高度范围内的中层和低热层（MLT）内的大尺度动态。 75 至 95 公里是半日潮汐和各种行星波产生一系列不同影响的位置，该位置位于这些运动具有较大响应的纬度带内，也是现有的风和温度数据库所在的位置。 TdF 上的 SAAMER 位置也受到地球上以安第斯山脉南部、德雷克海峡和南极半岛为中心的主要重力波 (GW) 活动“热点”的影响。热点是由于该地区的主要引力波源造成的，其中包括高山、强烈的急流和剧烈的锋面系统的通过，这些源产生大量的引力波事件和显着的MLT动量通量（MF）与引力波结构的强相互作用。 MLT 区域的更大规模运动是可以预料的，并且 SAAMER 迄今为止的结果证实了该区域的通量将非常大的预期，这项工作还揭示了表征流星头部回波、非镜面流星轨迹的能力。 ，还有流星由于相关气辉成像以及新的本地瑞利激光雷达和多接收器雷达测量，以及 SABRE 对 TIMED 和 CIPS 对 AIM 的卫星观测的使用，新的 SAAMER 研究将比以前更加全面。这些多仪器研究将能够量化波长 ëh~20-100 km 的重要小尺度引力波（和中频）。如果没有这种相关的 MLT 动力学研究，这些问题很难量化，特别是在引力波动力学、动量传输及其沉积的量化方面，这是在全球研究、天气预报和气候中定义这些动力学的更准确参数化的核心需求。满足广泛社会需求的模型同样可以用来约束这些动力学模型，特别是在高纬度地区，流星体轨迹研究也可以通过各种 NSF 提供潜在流星撞击风险的线索。致力于促进美国和南美研究人员和学生之间的国际合作活动的项目，包括迄今为止美国、阿根廷和巴西之间的广泛交流。授予 PI 的研究奖将涉及 MLT 动力学、流星和微物理学，重点关注以下问题：1) 继续对平均风、潮汐和 PW 及其结构、相互作用以及半球间和年际变率进行大规模动力学研究；2) 动量通量的进一步量化采用SAAMER、BU全天成像仪和IAP瑞利激光雷达的小规模引力波，探索引力波源及其传播特性，结合研究二次引力波发电的可能发展，以及平均风、潮汐和风的影响PW；3) 流星体数量、速度、轨迹、流星速率的日间、季节和全球变化以及进入 MLT 的流星质量通量的进一步表征；以及 4)流星头回波、非镜面轨迹和 PMSE 的常规测量允许研究流星烧蚀和 PMSE 微物理。

项目成果

Wind Variations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Near 60°S Latitude During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

2019年南极平流层骤增期间南纬60°附近中层和低热层风场变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028909
• 发表时间: 2021-04-30
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Guiping Liu;D. Janches;R. Lieberman;T. Moffat‐Griffin;N. Mitchell;Jeong‐han Kim;Changsup Lee
• 通讯作者: Changsup Lee

Observation of the A Carinid Meteor Shower 2020 Unexpected Outburst

2020 年卡琳流星雨意外爆发的观测

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abe9af
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Bruzzone, Juan Sebastian;Weryk, Robert J.;Janches, Diego;Baumann, Carsten;Stober, Gunter;Hormaechea, Jose Luis
• 通讯作者: Hormaechea, Jose Luis

Numerical simulation of mountain waves over the southern Andes, Part 2: Momentum fluxes and wave/mean-flow interactions

安第斯山脉南部山地波浪的数值模拟，第 2 部分：动量通量和波浪/平均流量相互作用

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0207.1
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Fritts, David C.;Lund, Thomas S.;Wan, Kam;Liu, Han
• 通讯作者: Liu, Han

Self‐Acceleration and Instability of Gravity Wave Packets: 3. Three‐Dimensional Packet Propagation, Secondary Gravity Waves, Momentum Transport, and Transient Mean Forcing in Tidal Winds

重力波包的自加速和不稳定性：3.三维包传播、二次重力波、动量传输和潮汐风中的瞬态平均强迫

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jd030692
• 发表时间: 2020-02-07
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres
• 作者: D. Fritts;W. Dong;T. Lund;Scott A. Wiel;B. Laughman
• 通讯作者: B. Laughman

Mesospheric Mountain Wave Activity in the Lee of the Southern Andes

安第斯山脉南部背风区的中层山波活动

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033268
• 发表时间: 2020-06-28
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: P. Pautet;M. Taylor;D. Fritts;D. Janches;N. Kaifler;A. Dörnbrack;J. Hormaechea
• 通讯作者: J. Hormaechea