LTER-Plum Island Ecosystems: Dynamics of coastal ecosystems in a region of rapid climate change, sea-level rise, and human impacts

LTER-普拉姆岛生态系统：气候快速变化、海平面上升和人类影响地区沿海生态系统的动态

• 批准号: 1637630
• 负责人: Anne Giblin
• 金额: $ 676.15万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Plum; Island; Ecosystems; Dynamics

The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) site is developing a predictive understanding of the response of a linked watershed-marsh-estuarine system in northeastern Massachusetts to rapid environmental change. Over the last 30 years, surface sea water temperatures in the adjacent Gulf of Maine have risen at 3 times the global average, rates of sea-level rise have accelerated, and precipitation has increased. Coupled with these changes in climate and sea level are substantial changes within the rapidly urbanizing watersheds that influence water, sediment, and nutrient delivery to the marsh and estuary. In PIE IV the research focus is on: Dynamics of coastal ecosystems in a region of rapid climate change, sea-level rise, and human impacts. This work will advance our understanding of how the structure and function of coastal ecosystems will be altered over the next several decades and beyond. Because of their position at the land-sea interface, coastal ecosystems are particularly threatened by human activities in watersheds and to sea-level rise. PIE research will address both fundamental ecological questions as well as provide critical information on how to manage these systems. For example, it will help us understand how species changes in a complex interaction network result in changes to the abundance of key species, food web structure, and energy flow. PIE research will also improve our understanding of the importance of the coastal zone to regional and global carbon and nitrogen budgets and advance our ability to model biogeochemistry at the ecosystem scale in a spatially explicit framework. Finally, it will provide a greater mechanistic understanding of biogeomorphic feedbacks that will be essential in future conservation efforts. The investigators will continue their award winning Schoolyard program, "Salt Marsh Science", which serves over 1,000 students in grades 5-12 in ten schools each year. In collaboration with the Gulf of Maine Institute PIE LTER is developing a new initiative with local Middlesex Community College. By providing flexible paid internships with academic credit, PIE will be able to reach students from economically and ethnically diverse backgrounds who might not otherwise consider STEM careers. Outreach is important to PIE scientists. Activities include scientific collaborations outside PIE and with local, state and federal agencies, involvement in the Marine Biological Laboratory science journalism program, and partnership with Mass Coastal Zone Management in conducting marsh elevation surveys. PIE scientists currently serve on panels or advisory groups for US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and many state and local agencies. All data collected by the PIE LTER are centralized and made available to the public through a web site http://pie-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu/.Researchers at PIE will test how internal feedbacks within the marsh-estuary ecosystem influence the response of geomorphology, biogeochemistry, and food webs to three major drivers: climate, sea-level rise, and human alteration of the watershed. They anticipate large changes in the geomorphology of the marsh and estuary over the next several decades. They hypothesize that major feedbacks are exerted through sediment dynamics, changes in hydrology, alterations of carbon and nitrogen cycles, species interactions, and species introduction or loss due to warming. Positive biogeomorphic feedbacks within the marsh ecosystem will likely contribute to marsh persistence while sea level rises, but they hypothesize that PIE is moving from a predominantly high-elevation marsh to a lower elevation marsh, with less overall wetland, more open water, and more marsh edge. These changes will greatly impact estuarine biogeochemistry, primary production, and community dynamics. PIE IV will address three questions: Q1) How will the geomorphic configuration of the marsh and estuary be altered by changes in the watershed, sea-level rise, climate change, and feedbacks internal to the coastal system?; Q2) How will changing climate, watershed inputs, and marsh geomorphology interact to alter marsh and estuarine primary production, organic matter storage, and nutrient cycling?; and Q3) How will key consumer dynamics and estuarine food webs be reshaped by changing environmental drivers, marsh-estuarine geomorphology and biogeochemistry? Cross-system comparisons with other LTERs along gradients of temperature, species composition, tidal range, and sediment supply will further our understanding of long-term change in coastal ecosystems.

普拉姆岛生态系统 (PIE) LTER（长期生态研究）站点正在对马萨诸塞州东北部相连的流域-沼泽-河口系统对快速环境变化的响应进行预测性了解。过去30年来，邻近缅因湾的表层海水温度上升了全球平均水平的3倍，海平面上升速度加快，降水量增加。伴随着气候和海平面的这些变化，快速城市化的流域内也发生了巨大的变化，影响了向沼泽和河口的水、沉积物和养分输送。 PIE IV 的研究重点是：气候快速变化、海平面上升和人类影响地区沿海生态系统的动态。这项工作将增进我们对未来几十年及以后沿海生态系统的结构和功能将如何改变的理解。由于其位于陆地与海洋交界处，沿海生态系统尤其受到流域人类活动和海平面上升的威胁。 PIE 研究将解决基本的生态问题，并提供有关如何管理这些系统的关键信息。例如，它将帮助我们了解复杂相互作用网络中的物种变化如何导致关键物种的丰度、食物网结构和能量流的变化。 PIE 研究还将提高我们对沿海地区对区域和全球碳和氮预算重要性的理解，并提高我们在空间明确的框架中对生态系统规模的生物地球化学进行建模的能力。最后，它将提供对生物地貌反馈的更深入的机制理解，这对于未来的保护工作至关重要。调查人员将继续他们屡获殊荣的校园项目“盐沼科学”，该项目每年为 10 所学校的 5 至 12 年级 1,000 多名学生提供服务。 PIE LTER 正在与缅因湾研究所合作，与当地米德尔塞克斯社区学院合作制定一项新计划。通过提供灵活的带薪实习和学分，PIE 将能够接触到来自经济和种族不同背景的学生，否则他们可能不会考虑 STEM 职业。外展活动对于 PIE 科学家来说非常重要。活动包括 PIE 外部以及与地方、州和联邦机构的科学合作，参与海洋生物实验室科学新闻计划，以及与大规模沿海地区管理部门合作进行沼泽高程调查。 PIE 科学家目前在美国环境保护署 (EPA)、国家海洋和大气管理局 (NOAA)、美国鱼类和野生动物管理局 (USFWS) 以及许多州和地方机构的小组或咨询小组中任职。 PIE LTER 收集的所有数据均经过集中处理，并通过网站 http://pie-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu/ 向公众开放。PIE 的研究人员将测试沼泽河口生态系统内的内部反馈如何影响地貌学、生物地球化学和食物网对三个主要驱动因素的响应：气候、海平面上升和人类对流域的改变。他们预计未来几十年内沼泽和河口的地貌将发生巨大变化。他们假设主要的反馈是通过沉积物动力学、水文变化、碳和氮循环的改变、物种相互作用以及由于变暖而引入或消失的物种产生的。当海平面上升时，沼泽生态系统内的正生物地貌反馈可能有助于沼泽的持续存在，但他们假设 PIE 正在从主要是高海拔的沼泽转移到海拔较低的沼泽，整体湿地减少，开放水域更多，沼泽更多边缘。这些变化将极大地影响河口生物地球化学、初级生产和群落动态。 PIE IV 将解决三个问题： Q1) 沼泽和河口的地貌结构将如何因流域、海平面上升、气候变化和沿海系统内部反馈的变化而改变？ Q2) 不断变化的气候、流域输入和沼泽地貌将如何相互作用，从而改变沼泽和河口的初级生产、有机质储存和养分循环？ Q3) 环境驱动因素、沼泽河口地貌和生物地球化学的变化将如何重塑关键的消费者动态和河口食物网？与其他 LTER 进行温度梯度、物种组成、潮差和沉积物供应的跨系统比较将进一步加深我们对沿海生态系统长期变化的理解。

项目成果

Soil Organic Carbon Development and Turnover in Natural and Disturbed Salt Marsh Environments

自然和受干扰盐沼环境中土壤有机碳的发展和周转

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl090287
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Luk, Sheron Y.;Todd‐Brown, Katherine;Eagle, Meagan;McNichol, Ann P.;Sanderman, Jonathan;Gosselin, Kelsey;Spivak, Amanda C.
• 通讯作者: Spivak, Amanda C.

Variability of Mya arenaria growth along an environmental gradient in the Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts, USA

美国马萨诸塞州普拉姆岛海峡河口沿环境梯度的沙粒生长变化

• DOI: 10.1007/s11273-016-9512-0
• 发表时间: 2017-04
• 期刊: Wetlands Ecology and Management
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Koo, Kyung Ah;Walker, Randal L.;Davenport, Emily S.;Hopkinson, Charles S.
• 通讯作者: Hopkinson, Charles S.

Rapid recovery of carbon cycle processes after the cessation of chronic nutrient enrichment

长期营养富集停止后碳循环过程快速恢复

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140927
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Science of The Total Environment
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Mozdzer, Thomas J.;Drew, Sophie E.;Caplan, Joshua S.;Weber, Paige E.;Deegan, Linda A.
• 通讯作者: Deegan, Linda A.

Encoding a Categorical Independent Variable for Input to TerrSet’s Multi-Layer Perceptron

对分类自变量进行编码以输入 TerrSet 的多层感知器

• DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10100686
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Evenden, Emily;Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore
• 通讯作者: Pontius Jr, Robert Gilmore

Selection of Estuarine Feeding Habitats by Snowy and Great Egrets in the Great Marsh Estuary, Northeastern Massachusetts, USA

美国马萨诸塞州东北部大沼泽河口雪白鹭和大白鹭对河口觅食栖息地的选择

• DOI: 10.1675/063.043.0303
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Waterbirds
• 影响因子: 0.3
• 作者: Buchsbaum, Robert;Clark, Wesley
• 通讯作者: Clark, Wesley