Collaborative Research: Earthquake Catalog and Waveform Analysis to Assess the Evolution of Axial Seamount Surrounding the 2015 Eruption

合作研究：地震目录和波形分析以评估 2015 年火山喷发周围轴状海山的演化

基本信息

批准号：
1635276
负责人：
DelWayne Bohnenstiehl
金额：
$ 18.78万
依托单位：
North Carolina State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-08-15 至 2019-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1635276&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Earthquake Catalog Waveform

项目摘要

Axial seamount is an active submarine volcano located off the west coast of the US on the Juan de Fuca midocean ridge spreading center. Axial has recently been instrumented for continuous real-time data monitoring as part of the cabled ocean observatory network of the NSF-sponsored Ocean Observatory Initiative (OOI) that includes high-quality ocean bottom seismic data, as well as an unrivaled set of seafloor geodetic and hydrothermal measurements. The seamount has erupted periodically in the past but the most recent eruption in April/May 2015 was captured by the local seismic network and provides a unique dataset with which to investigate the eruption and magmatic mechanisms associated with submarine volcanoes. The project will analyze the evolution of earthquake properties and statistical patterns in space and time, as well as how these changes are correlated with deformation and hydrothermal outputs throughout the eruption cycle. These data will be used to track changes in stress and the movement of magma within the volcanic edifice, leading to a better understanding of the mechanics of submarine volcanoes and the dynamics of eruptions on the seafloor. This project takes advantage of the recently enabled OOI Axial seamount cabled array data portal and will contribute to scientific infrastructure for undersea monitoring. The project provides research experience for community college students, undergraduates and graduate students, and training for middle-school science teachers in the areas of earthquake physics and submarine volcanic processes.This project will utilize the compiled Axial Seamount seismic catalog and carry out waveform analysis to assess the evolution of the volcanic system before, during and after the April and May 2015 eruption including the many linkages between earthquakes, seafloor deformation and hydrothermal activity. Stress states will be inferred by monitoring changes in seismicity rate and variations in earthquake statistical patterns. The strength of the faults and/or the movement of fluids will be constrained through earthquake source parameter studies. This project will advance three technical goals: 1) Study the evolution of stress within the volcanic crust through the 2015 eruption at Axial Seamount using a novel combination of techniques, including seismicity/stressing rate changes, earthquake stress drop measurements and seismic b-value studies. 2) Investigate the response of fault systems within the caldera to dynamic stresses in the context of their local stressing history, and by incorporating hydrothermal time series observations that provide new constraints on the role of fluids in dynamic triggering. 3) Explore the exceptional record of explosive acoustic events associated with the 2015 eruption. Although there is increasing evidence that explosive volcanism is common in the deep-sea, there are few direct observations. Understanding the distribution and scaling of these signals may transform our views on eruption dynamics in mid-ocean ridge environments.

轴心海山是一座活海底火山，位于美国西海岸胡安德富卡洋中脊扩展中心。 Axial 最近被用于连续实时数据监测，作为 NSF 资助的海洋观测计划 (OOI) 有线海洋观测网络的一部分，其中包括高质量的海底地震数据以及一套无与伦比的海底大地测量数据和水热测量。海山过去曾定期喷发，但当地地震网络捕获了 2015 年 4 月/5 月的最近一次喷发，并提供了一个独特的数据集，用于研究与海底火山相关的喷发和岩浆机制。该项目将分析地震特性和统计模式在空间和时间上的演变，以及这些变化如何与整个喷发周期的变形和热液输出相关。这些数据将用于跟踪火山大厦内的压力变化和岩浆运动，从而更好地了解海底火山的力学和海底喷发的动态。该项目利用最近启用的 OOI Axial 海山有线阵列数据门户，将为海底监测的科学基础设施做出贡献。该项目为社区学院学生、本科生和研究生提供研究经验，并为中学科学教师提供地震物理和海底火山过程领域的培训。该项目将利用编制的轴向海山地震目录并进行波形分析，评估 2015 年 4 月和 5 月喷发之前、期间和之后火山系统的演变，包括地震、海底变形和热液活动之间的许多联系。将通过监测地震活动率的变化和地震统计模式的变化来推断应力状态。断层的强度和/或流体的运动将通过震源参数研究受到限制。该项目将推进三个技术目标：1) 使用新颖的技术组合，研究 2015 年轴海山喷发期间火山壳内应力的演变，包括地震活动/应力率变化、地震应力降测量和地震 b 值研究。 2）研究破火山口内断层系统在其局部应力历史背景下对动态应力的响应，并通过结合热液时间序列观测，为流体在动态触发中的作用提供新的约束。 3) 探索与 2015 年火山喷发相关的爆炸性声学事件的特殊记录。尽管越来越多的证据表明爆发性火山活动在深海中很常见，但直接观察到的却很少。了解这些信号的分布和尺度可能会改变我们对洋中脊环境中喷发动态的看法。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The Recent Volcanic History of Axial Seamount: Geophysical Insights into Past Eruption Dynamics with an Eye Toward Enhanced Observations of Future Eruptions

轴状海山的近期火山历史：对过去喷发动力学的地球物理洞察，着眼于加强对未来喷发的观测

DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2018.117
发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
Oceanography
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Wilcock, William;Dziak, Robert;Tolstoy, Maya;Chadwick, William;Nooner, Scott;Bohnenstiel, DelWayne;Caplan;Waldhauser, Feli;Arnulf, Adrien;Ballard, Christian;et al
通讯作者：
et al

Seismic constraints on caldera dynamics from the 2015 Axial Seamount eruption

2015 年轴海山喷发对火山口动力学的地震约束

DOI：
10.1126/science.aah5563
发表时间：
2016-12-16
期刊：
Science
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
W. Wilcock;M. Tolstoy;F. Waldhauser;Charles Garcia;Yen Joe Tan;D. Bohnenstiehl;J. Caplan‐Auerbach;R. Dziak;A. Arnulf;M. E. Mann
通讯作者：
M. E. Mann

Mechanics of fault reactivation before, during, and after the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount

2015 年轴海山喷发之前、期间和之后的断层再活动机制

DOI：
10.1130/g39978.1
发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
Geology
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Levy, S.;Bohnenstiehl, D.R;Sprinkle, P.;Boettcher, M.S.;Wilcock, W.S.D.;Tolstoy, M.;Waldhauser, F.
通讯作者：
Waldhauser, F.

Explosive processes during the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, as recorded by seafloor hydrophones: EXPLOSIVE ACTIVITY AT AXIAL SEAMOUNT

海底水听器记录的 2015 年轴向海山喷发期间的爆炸过程：轴向海山的爆炸活动