EAGER: Collaborative Research: Structural Characteristics and the Pace of Scientific Advance

EAGER：合作研究：结构特征和科学进步的步伐

基本信息

批准号：
1646459
负责人：
John Walsh
金额：
$ 3.53万
依托单位：
Georgia Tech Research Corporation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1646459&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
EAGER Collaborative Research Structural Characteristics

项目摘要

Science is organized around specific fields of inquiry that play a crucial role in the advancement of knowledge. By shifting the study of collaboration and productivity to the level of fields provides the potential for major advances understanding advances in science. Such understandings can guide policymakers tasked with allocating scarce funding resources. This project investigates how the composition of research teams in a field affects the pace of scientific advance. In other words, the project examines the impact of the mix of teams in a field on the rate at which scientific fields generate new knowledge, in order to generate fundamental knowledge on the nature of scientific advance and to guide policymakers trying to allocate funding across a portfolio of potential projects.The research focuses on the development of two sets of indicators able to capture field diversity and innovativeness. The first set of indicators is based on text analysis of phrases extracted from titles and abstracts and measures the pace of innovation and scientific advance. These indicators track the rate of concepts appearing, diffusing, and decaying in a field. The second set of indicators quantify the mix of large and small teams as well as the mix of more and less interdisciplinary teams in a field, in other words, the "ecology" of the field. The goal of the indicators is to capture the size and diversity of scientific ecosystems at the level of scientific fields. The project considers physics, astronomy and experimental biology as test cases for developing measures and testing relations between field structure and the pace of innovation over time.

科学是围绕特定的探究领域组织起来的，这些领域在知识的进步中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过将协作和生产力的研究转移到领域层面，可以为理解科学进步提供重大进展的潜力。这种理解可以指导负责分配稀缺资金资源的政策制定者。该项目调查某个领域的研究团队的组成如何影响科学进步的步伐。换句话说，该项目研究了某个领域的团队组合对科学领域产生新知识的速度的影响，以便产生有关科学进步本质的基础知识，并指导政策制定者尝试在各个领域分配资金。潜在项目组合。该研究的重点是制定两组能够捕捉领域多样性和创新性的指标。第一组指标基于对从标题和摘要中提取的短语的文本分析，衡量创新和科学进步的步伐。这些指标跟踪某个领域中概念出现、传播和衰退的速率。第二组指标量化了某个领域内大小团队的混合情况以及跨学科团队的多与少的混合情况，即该领域的“生态”。这些指标的目标是在科学领域层面反映科学生态系统的规模和多样性。该项目将物理学、天文学和实验生物学视为制定措施和测试领域结构与创新步伐之间关系的测试用例。