The Impact of the Stratosphere on Arctic Climate

平流层对北极气候的影响

• 批准号: 1603350
• 负责人: Karen Smith
• 金额: $ 60.08万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1603350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impact; Stratosphere; Arctic; Climate

The Arctic surface climate has warmed dramatically over the past several decades. This warming, known as Arctic amplification, is associated, most notably, with extensive loss of sea ice. The Arctic stratosphere has also been experiencing change, including significant stratospheric ozone depletion. There is increasing evidence that polar stratospheric variability and change can have a significant downward impact on the surface climate. The proposed research will examine the connection between stratospheric circulation and chemistry and past and future changes in the surface climate of the Arctic region. Understanding the coupling between the stratosphere and the surface in the Arctic region has potentially important implications for sea ice and weather forecasting. In addition, the proposed research will lead to an improved understanding of the local and remote processes that will determine Arctic stratospheric and tropospheric ozone concentrations in the future. This is important because (a) stratospheric ozone protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation and (b) tropospheric ozone is a toxic pollutant, which may have potential negative impacts on air quality and vegetation in the region.This project will contribute to STEM workforce development in two ways. The principal investigator is a beginning investigator and this project will provide her support during the formative years of her career. The project will also provide support for the training of a graduate student. The anticipated science results have the potential to contribute to improve short-range forecast of sea ice and weather. The project will enhance collaboration between NCAR and Columbia University. Outreach to high school students will be enabled through leveraging of programs at the American Museum of Natural History and in the Inuit village of Arviat. Finally, research results will be shared with local K-12 teachers through an ongoing program sponsored by the principal investigator?s home institution.The proposed research will be carried out by employing both observationally-based data products and global climate model integrations to address the question of whether stratospheric circulation and chemistry has a downward influence of the Arctic surface climate, particularly sea ice, on seasonal, interannual and multi-decadal time scales. From a modeling perspective, the approach outlined in the proposal will be to employ the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), with three different configurations that will allow examination of the interplay between dynamics and chemistry: (i) the standard WACCM with interactive stratospheric chemistry, (ii) the specified-chemistry version of WACCM (SC-WACCM) and (iii) the new fully coupled WACCM-TSMLT with tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry.

过去几十年来，北极表面气候急剧变暖。这种变暖被称为北极放大，最显着的是与海冰的大量损失有关。 北极平流层也正在经历变化，包括平流层臭氧严重消耗。 越来越多的证据表明，极地平流层变率和变化会对地表气候产生显着的向下影响。 拟议的研究将研究平流层环流与化学以及北极地区过去和未来的表面气候变化之间的联系。 了解北极地区平流层与地表之间的耦合对海冰和天气预报具有潜在的重要意义。 此外，拟议的研究将有助于更好地了解当地和远程过程，这些过程将决定未来北极平流层和对流层臭氧浓度。 这一点很重要，因为 (a) 平流层臭氧可以保护地球免受有害紫外线辐射，(b) 对流层臭氧是一种有毒污染物，可能对该地区的空气质量和植被产生潜在的负面影响。该项目将有助于 STEM 劳动力发展有两种方式。 首席研究员是一名初级研究员，该项目将为她职业生涯的形成期提供支持。 该项目还将为研究生的培训提供支持。 预期的科学结果有可能有助于改善海冰和天气的短期预报。 该项目将加强 NCAR 与哥伦比亚大学之间的合作。 将通过利用美国自然历史博物馆和阿尔维亚特因纽特村的项目向高中生进行宣传。 最后，研究结果将通过首席研究员所在机构赞助的一项持续计划与当地 K-12 教师分享。拟议的研究将通过采用基于观测的数据产品和全球气候模型集成来解决平流层环流和化学是否对北极表面气候（特别是海冰）在季节、年际和数十年时间尺度上产生向下影响的问题。 从建模的角度来看，提案中概述的方法将采用全大气群落气候模型（WACCM），该模型具有三种不同的配置，可以检查动力学和化学之间的相互作用：（i）具有交互式平流层的标准 WACCM化学，(ii) WACCM 的指定化学版本 (SC-WACCM) 和 (iii) 与对流层和平流层化学完全耦合的新型 WACCM-TSMLT。