DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Testing macroevolutionary predictions of diversity and disparity in the ray-finned fishes

论文研究：测试射线鳍鱼类多样性和差异性的宏观进化预测

• 批准号: 1601830
• 负责人: Michael Alfaro
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601830&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Testing; macroevolutionary; predictions

Understanding why some groups of organisms have more species than other groups of organisms is a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology. One proposed explanation for the process that creates this uneven diversity is evolvability, the idea that some lineages that have the intrinsic ability to evolve novel morphologies also have an increased ability to generate new species. Ray-finned fishes, representing half of all vertebrate diversity with 30,000 species, have an astonishingly disparate array of body forms. Fishes are also intensively harvested for human consumption, potentially leading to major impacts on their diversity and their ability to serve both as ecological role players and as a human food source. This project will aim to test the evolvability hypothesis by collecting data on fish body shape using museum collections and crowdsourcing. The researchers will digitize a vast store of biodiversity in museum collections to be made available online, for use by the public and interested researchers.This project will (1) build the largest phylogeny of vertebrates, with over 12,000 species represented, (2) digitize ichthyology collections at three museums, (3) collect the largest geometric morphometric dataset, consisting of shape data for over 9,000 species of fishes, and (4) reconstruct the disparity among different fish lineages, and how their rates of body shape evolution have changed over time. Several key macroevolutionary predictions can be made based on differential evolvability across clades. More evolvable lineages should have higher richness and diversification rates, and enjoy more phenotypic disparity and rates of phenotypic evolution. Additionally, lineages that enjoy fast phenotypic evolution should also diversify into a larger variety of ecological niches.

了解为什么某些生物体比其他生物群更具有物种是进化生物学的长期目标。一个提出的对创造这种不平衡多样性的过程的解释是可变性，即某些具有固有能力发展新形态的谱系的想法也具有增加产生新物种的能力。射线灌输的鱼类代表了30,000种的所有脊椎动物多样性的一半，具有惊人的不同人体形式。鱼类也被大量收获供人类食用，有可能导致其多样性和作为生态角色参与者和人类食物来源的能力产生重大影响。该项目的目的是通过使用博物馆收藏和众包收集有关鱼体形状的数据来检验可发展性假设。研究人员将在博物馆收藏中数字化众多的生物多样性，以供公众和感兴趣的研究人员使用。该项目将（1）建立最大的脊椎动物系统发育，代表超过12,000种物种，（2）数字化的三种博物馆，（3）汇集了图数据，（3）覆盖了数字，（3），（3）覆盖了数字，覆盖了数字，覆盖了数据，并覆盖了数字，覆盖了数字，并构成了跨越的数字，并且要覆盖汇编，覆盖了数字，并覆盖了数字，并覆盖了数字，并覆盖了数字，并将其组成，并构成了数字，并覆盖了数字，并覆盖了数字，并构成了汇集，并构成了跨越的数字，并将其组成，并构成了数字，（（3） （4）重建不同鱼类谱系之间的差异，以及它们的身体形状进化速率如何随着时间而变化。可以根据各进枝的差异性可变性做出几个关键的宏观进化预测。较高的谱系应具有更高的丰富度和多样化的速度，并享受更多的表型差异和表型进化的速率。此外，享受快速表型进化的谱系也应该使更多的生态壁ches多样化。