DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Stress-induced Parental Effects on Offspring Mate Choice: Ultimate Drivers and Proximate Mechanisms using the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

论文研究：压力引起的父母对后代择偶的影响：使用三刺刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）的最终驱动因素和近端机制

• 批准号: 1601531
• 负责人: Robin Tinghitella
• 金额: $ 1.95万
• 依托单位: University of Denver
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601531&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Stress; induced; Parental

The influence of parents on their offspring depends on the parents' own experiences. Often, these parental effects prepare offspring for the parental environment. For instance, parents exposed to predators can produce offspring that are better able to survive the same predators. Offspring reproduction may also be influenced by parental experiences, but this remains an untested and important question. Parental effects are one way that organisms can respond quickly to rapid environmental change. Yet, parental effects could be bad for offspring if parent and offspring environments do not match. This project tests whether stress experienced by parents influences the mate choices made by their offspring much later, measures the costs and benefits of these effects in a changing environment, and identifies the underlying genomic mechanisms. This project will also lead to the publication of a new, active-learning case study based on this research, and use it to bring modern evolutionary research to middle school classrooms.The proposed work capitalizes on an emerging model system, threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), in which both parents make substantial, distinct contributions to offspring development and females have quantifiable preferences for male traits. This proposal will reveal the relative importance of maternal, paternal, and parental experience on offspring reproductive phenotypes (Aim 1), whether transgenerational plasticity is adaptive or maladaptive when parental and offspring environments do or do not match (Aim 2), and if epigenetic states underlie changes in offspring mate choice behavior (Aim 3). No parents, mothers, fathers, or both parents will be exposed to predation and the mating decisions of their offspring tested under conditions in which parent and offspring environments do or do not match. Preliminary analyses show that paternal predator-exposure tends to shift daughters' mate preferences, while maternal predator-exposure alters daughters' interest in mating. If parental effects modify mate choice, they may facilitate rapid responses to environmental change, but whether these effects are adaptive depends on agreement between parent and offspring environments. Finally, parental effects on mate choice may be underlain by genome-wide variation in epigenetic states, specifically DNA methylation. Aim 3 uses new techniques to compare genome-wide methylation patterns of offspring from families in which no parents, mothers, fathers, or both parents were exposed to predation. This proposal will establish the role of parental effects on reproductive phenotypes for individual fitness and population dynamics in anthropogenically altered environments.

父母对他们后代的影响取决于父母自己的经历。通常，这些父母的效果为父母环境准备了后代。例如，暴露于捕食者的父母可以产生能够在同一捕食者中生存的后代。后代繁殖也可能受到父母的经验的影响，但这仍然是一个未经测试和重要的问题。父母的影响是生物体可以快速响应快速环境变化的一种方式。但是，如果父母和后代环境不匹配，父母的效果可能对后代有害。该项目测试父母所经历的压力是否在很久以后影响其后代的伴侣选择，衡量在不断变化的环境中这些影响的成本和收益，并确定基本的基因组机制。该项目还将根据这项研究发表一项新的，积极的学习案例研究，并使用它将现代进化研究带入中学教室。拟议的工作资本化在新兴模型系统上，Threespine Sticklebacks（gasterosteus aculeatus），在其中，父母双方都为男性做出了实质性的贡献，以实质性地贡献了男性的偏好，并为女性提供了偏爱。该提议将揭示母亲，父亲和父母经验对后代生殖表型的相对重要性（AIM 1），无论是跨代可塑性是适应性的还是不适时的，无论是父母和后代的环境是否适用或不匹配（AIM 2），以及如果表观遗传状态在表观遗传状态下的变化构成了Forckspring Spress Offspring Mate Cheopection（AIM 3）。在父母和后代环境所做或不匹配的条件下，任何父母，母亲，父亲或父母都不会受到捕食和后代的交配决定。初步分析表明，父亲捕食者暴露倾向于改变女儿的伴侣偏好，而母亲捕食者的暴露会改变女儿对交配的兴趣。如果父母的效果改变了伴侣的选择，它们可能会促进对环境变化的快速反应，但是这些影响是否适应性取决于父母和后代环境之间的一致性。最后，父母对伴侣选择的影响可能是由于表观遗传态的全基因组变异，特别是DNA甲基化的基础。 AIM 3使用新技术来比较父母，母亲，父亲或父母双方都被捕食的家庭的后代的全基因组甲基化模式。该提案将确定父母对人为改变环境中个人健康和种群动态生殖表型的影响的作用。