DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Systematics, host-specificity, and genome evolution of holoparasitic plants: A case study in Orobanche (Orobanchaceae)

论文研究：全寄生植物的系统学、宿主特异性和基因组进化：列当科（Orobanchaceae）案例研究

• 批准号: 1601504
• 负责人: Bruce Baldwin
• 金额: $ 2.03万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601504&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Systematics; host; specificity

Parasitism is a unique life history strategy that has evolved independently dozens of times in plants, animals, and other organisms. Due to its high biodiversity and a good understanding of its mode of parasitism, the non-photosynthetic parasitic plant genus Orobanche provides a remarkable opportunity for understanding the unique macro- and microevolutionary consequences of parasitism in a phylogenetic framework. Recent work has identified both evolutionary and genetic consequences, including numerous host specific lineages as well as host-to-parasite horizontal gene transfer. This research will use genomic-scale sequencing of new-world Orobanche and field studies across North America to develop the following: (1) a fine-scale understanding of tempo and mode of genome evolution in parasitic plants, (2) a better understanding of host-breadth, and (3) abiotic and biotic habitat characteristics, with a taxonomic revision to follow. In addition to advancing the fields of evolutionary biology and ecology, an improved understanding of host specificity and parasite genomics may be of use in combating several species of Orobanche that cause severe agricultural damage to tomato, sunflower, and other crops in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. One graduate and several undergraduate students will receive training in laboratory and museum research techniques, and will have the opportunity to present the results at regional and national meetings.Specifically, we will use a genome skimming approach, coupled with field studies across North America to study (1) fine-scale tempo and mode of plastid and mitochondrial evolution in new-world Orobanche, (2) host-breadth of numerous lineages, (3) abiotic and biotic habitat characteristics to better understand distributions, and (4) diagnosable features of lineages, leading directly to taxonomic revision. Out of several genome reduction techniques available, genome-skimming (whole-genome shotgun sequencing) will provide the most cost-effective way to
capture the high-copy fraction of genomic DNA, including the
nuclear ribosomal cistron, plastome, and mitogenome, even from degraded material such as that found on herbarium sheets.

寄生虫是一种独特的生活历史策略，在植物，动物和其他生物体中已经独立发展了数十次。由于其较高的生物多样性和对其寄生虫模式的良好理解，非寄生寄生植物属Orobanche为理解寄生虫在系统发育框架中的独特宏观和微观进化后果提供了一个了不起的机会。最近的工作已经确定了进化和遗传后果，包括众多宿主特定谱系以及宿主至寄生虫水平基因转移。这项研究将使用北美的新世界Orobanche和现场研究的基因组尺度测序来开发以下内容：（1）对寄生植物中的节奏和基因组进化模式的精细了解，（2）更好地了解宿主 - 对宿主的理解，以及（3）对非洲和生物的习惯特征，以及随后的分类复兴。除了促进进化生物学和生态学领域外，对宿主特异性和寄生虫基因组学的了解还可以用于打击几种欧洲，亚洲，亚洲和美洲的多种农田造成严重的农业损害。 One graduate and several undergraduate students will receive training in laboratory and museum research techniques, and will have the opportunity to present the results at regional and national meetings.Specifically, we will use a genome skimming approach, coupled with field studies across North America to study (1) fine-scale tempo and mode of plastid and mitochondrial evolution in new-world Orobanche, (2) host-breadth of numerous lineages, （3）非生物和生物栖息地特征，以更好地了解分布，以及（4）谱系的可诊断特征，直接导致分类学修订。在几种可用的几种类型组还原技术中，基因组 - 基（全基因组shot弹枪测序）将提供最具成本效益的方法，以捕获＆＃8232;捕获基因组DNA的高副本部分，包括＆＃8232;核核糖体cistron，plastome，plastome，以及从污染的材料中找到的材料，这些材料均在此材料中找到。