Dissertation Research: Effect of phoretic dispersal on the structure of parasite populations

论文研究：泳动扩散对寄生虫种群结构的影响

• 批准号: 1601077
• 负责人: Sarah Bush
• 金额: $ 1.91万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601077&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Effect; phoretic; dispersal

By comparing differences in the population genetic structure of parasites that disperse in different ways, this study will determine how increases and decreases in dispersal influence that structure. Understanding how and why populations are structured is a major goal of evolutionary biologists because the resulting population genetic structure affects rates of local adaptation, speciation and extinction. This study will examine the population genetic structure of lice that live on the feathers of pigeons. Natural populations are typically subdivided, or genetically structured, because geographic or ecological factors influence the chance that two individuals will mate. One major factor that influences population genetic structure is dispersal, the movement of individuals from one place to another. When individuals disperse to new populations, they mate with individuals in the new population reducing population genetic structure. We know little about how dispersal affects the magnitude of this structure. Host-parasite systems offer highly tractable systems with which to study how different modes of dispersal influence population genetic structure. This study will do so by examining population genetic structure of different parasite species that are located on the same host individuals. In addition, this study will produce an inquiry-based activity aimed at middle-school students, "Hitchhikers guide to the city: Lessons from lice," and will contribute to the training of graduate and undergraduate students.In this study, researchers will use a pigeon-louse, host-parasite system to investigate how population genetic structure differs between two species of parasitic feather lice (Order: Phthiraptera) that differ in their ability to disperse. The study will investigate the role of vertical dispersal and horizontal dispersal in structuring the populations of wing lice and body lice that occur on Rock Pigeons (Columba livia). Although these lice are ecologically very similar, wing lice can disperse phoretically using flies, whereas body lice do not. Despite the pervasiveness of phoresy, the affect that this dispersal mechanism has on the population structure of these organisms is unknown. Researchers will use a nested sampling design to collect lice from different host individuals, in different flocks, in different regions of the world. They will sample in regions where flies are present, and where flies are not present and phoresis cannot occur. They will use microsatellite data to determine the relative role of vertical and horizontal-phoretic dispersal in structuring louse populations.

通过比较以不同方式分散的寄生虫种群遗传结构的差异，这项研究将决定分散影响的增加和减少。了解人群如何结构化是进化生物学家的主要目标，因为所得的种群遗传结构会影响局部适应性，物种形成和灭绝的速度。这项研究将检查生活在鸽子羽毛上的虱子的种群遗传结构。自然种群通常被细分或遗传结构化，因为地理或生态因素会影响两个人交配的机会。影响人口遗传结构的一个主要因素是分散，即个体从一个地方到另一个地方的运动。当个人分散到新人群中时，他们与新人群中的个人交配，以减少人口遗传结构。我们对分散如何影响这种结构的大小了解一无所知。宿主 - 寄生虫系统提供了高度易于处理的系统，可以研究不同的分散模式如何影响种群遗传结构。这项研究将通过检查位于同一宿主个体上的不同寄生虫物种的种群遗传结构来做到这一点。此外，这项研究将制作一项针对中学生的基于询问的活动，“搭便车指南：虱子的教训”，并将为研究生和本科生的培训做出贡献。在本研究中，研究人员将使用一个鸽子的宿主 - 寄生虫系统，用于研究种群遗传结构在两种寄生羽毛虱子（顺序：phthiraptera）之间的不同之处，它们的分散能力有所不同。该研究将研究垂直分散和水平分散在构建岩石鸽子（哥伦比亚利维亚）上发生的翅虱和身体虱子种群中的作用。 尽管这些虱子在生态学上非常相似，但翅虱可以使用苍蝇散布，而身体虱子则没有。尽管Phoresy普遍存在，但这种分散机制对这些生物的种群结构的影响尚不清楚。研究人员将使用嵌套的抽样设计从世界不同地区的不同羊群中的不同寄主个体那里收集虱子。他们将在存在果蝇的区域中进行采样，并且不存在果蝇，并且不会发生卵石。他们将使用微卫星数据来确定垂直和水平斑点分散在结构虱子种群中的相对作用。