SusChEM: Mechanism and Discovery of Metal-Catalyzed Fluoroalkylation Reactions

SusChEM：金属催化氟烷基化反应的机理和发现

• 批准号: 1565886
• 负责人: John Hartwig
• 金额: $ 68万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1565886&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SusChEM; Mechanism; Discovery; Metal; Catalyzed

The Chemical Catalysis Program of the Chemistry Division supports the project by Professor John F. Hartwig in the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. In this program, Professor Hartwig is developing a mechanistic understanding of catalytic reactions that use transition metal complexes bonded to fluorine-containing alkyl groups. These studies answer a series of questions about the impact of fluorine atoms on the metal-bound carbon atom. The studies also assess several approaches to control the reactivity of these fluoroalkyl complexes of transition metals. By developing methods to control the reactivity of fluoroalkyl complexes, this research enables the development of new catalytic reactions that add fluoroalkyl groups into organic molecules. Organic molecules containing fluorine are vital to materials, agricultural, and medicinal sciences. For example, over 20% of new pharmaceuticals and 25% of licensed herbicides contain fluorine. The project is well suited for providing a broad education to Ph.D. scientists and undergraduates, including those of underrepresented groups. A series of outreach activities for K-12 students, the general public, and the general scientific community are part of Professor Hartwig's efforts resulting from the research program.Although a large fraction of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contain fluorine, fluorinated structures are largely limited to those derived from simple fluoroarenes, trifluoromethylarenes or trifluoroacetates. Many of the potential methods to synthesize more diverse structures containing fluoroalkyl groups require new approaches to induce and control the reactivity of fluoroalkyl transition-metal complexes in catalytic reactions. This research creates these capabilities by demonstrating, by a combination of kinetic analysis of catalytic reactions and synthesis of catalytic intermediates, how to induce productive reactivity in fluoroalkyl complexes of palladium. This project also creates new catalytic reactions that couple partially fluorinated alkyl groups to aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules to form products that are difficult to access by current synthetic methods. With this information, fluoroalkylation reactions that are currently stoichiometric are being made catalytic. Additionally, new reactions of aryl halides that form fluoroalkylarenes with novel structures that are difficult to prepare by alternative methods are being created. This research enables the preparation of new classes of fluorinated molecules for materials science, medicinal chemistry, and agroscience. As part of the educational plan, Professor Hartwig teaches short-courses for those lacking formal training in organometallic catalysis, co-authors a sophomore organic text that includes content on catalysis in medicinal and green organic chemistry, and delivers lectures to general audiences, predominantly in forums in which he reaches potential scientists from underrepresented groups.

化学部的化学催化计划支持加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校化学系教授约翰·F·哈特维格（John F. Hartwig）教授。在该计划中，Harartwig教授正在对使用与含氟烷基的过渡金属络合物进行催化反应的理解。这些研究回答了一系列有关氟原子对金属结合碳原子的影响的问题。 研究还评估了几种控制过渡金属氟烷基复合物的反应性的方法。通过开发控制氟烷基复合物反应性的方法，该研究可以发展出新的催化反应，这些反应将氟烷基群添加到有机分子中。含有氟的有机分子对于材料，农业和药物科学至关重要。例如，超过20％的新药和25％的许可除草剂含有氟。该项目非常适合为博士提供广泛的教育。科学家和本科生，包括代表性不足的群体。针对K-12学生，公众和一般科学界的一系列外展活动是Hartwig教授的一部分，尽管研究计划造成的努力。尽管很大一部分药品和农业化学含有氟化的结构，但很大程度上限于简单的氟烯酸酯，三氟甲酸酯或triflularoryersorearerore虫。合成含有氟烷基的更多多样化结构的许多潜在方法需要新的方法来诱导和控制催化反应中氟烷基过渡金属复合物的反应性。这项研究通过证明催化反应和催化中间体的合成的动力学分析的结合来创造这些能力，如何诱导钯的氟烷基复合物中的生产性反应性。 该项目还产生了新的催化反应，使它们将部分氟的烷基与芳香和异芳族分子相结合，以形成通过当前合成方法难以获取的产品。有了这些信息，目前正在化学计量的氟烷基化反应正在催化。 此外，正在形成与新结构形成氟烷基烯烃的新反应，这些结构很难通过替代方法制备。这项研究可以为材料科学，药物化学和机业科学的新型氟化分子制备准备。 As part of the educational plan, Professor Hartwig teaches short-courses for those lacking formal training in organometallic catalysis, co-authors a sophomore organic text that includes content on catalysis in medicinal and green organic chemistry, and delivers lectures to general audiences, predominantly in forums in which he reaches potential scientists from underrepresented groups.