CAREER: Mantle Seismic Structure Beneath North America and Evolving Seismcity in the Raton Basin

职业：北美下方的地幔地震结构和拉顿盆地不断演化的地震城

基本信息

批准号：
1554908
负责人：
Brandon Schmandt
金额：
$ 52.58万
依托单位：
University of New Mexico
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-07-01 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1554908&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Mantle Seismic Structure Beneath

项目摘要

CAREER: Mantle seismic structure beneath North America and evolving seismicity in the Raton BasinThis project will support two lines of research. The first takes advantage of recent and ongoing community-driven collection of broadband seismic data systematically covering more than half of North America. The second focuses on earthquake activity in the Raton Basin, which is on the New Mexico-Colorado border and an area of natural gas production and wastewater injection. Both lines of research include educational opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students as well as outreach activities to improve the representation of Earth science and particularly geophysics in middle schools around Albuquerque. The goals of the first line of research will be achieved by seismic investigation of mantle structure and its implications for thermal and chemical convection processes beneath North America, with particular consideration of potential evidence for or against a substantial geochemical reservoir of water in an unusual layer about 400?700 km deep referred to as the mantle transition zone. The properties of this layer could provide new insights into limits on the evolution of surface water over Earth?s history and occurrence of partial melting as a result of ongoing convection. The second line of research will involve collection and analysis of seismic data in the Raton Basin over the duration of this project in order to test how spatial and temporal patterns and mechanisms of earthquakes respond to varying wastewater injection rates, increasing cumulative injected volume, and small natural transient stresses.This project?s two main research goals are: 1) to test the hypothesis that the mantle transition zone beneath North America is a major geochemical reservoir of water and 2) constrain the time dependent response of Raton Basin seismicity to wastewater injection. Both lines of research are integrated with the educational goal of increasing participation in geoscience research among the diverse population of New Mexico students at levels ranging from middle school to graduate school. The first line of research will use a suite of interdependent analyses of EarthScope seismic data including mapping of continuous and laterally sporadic interfaces, mapping variations in the sharpness and amplitude of interfaces, and constraining the influence of 3-D velocity structure on interface imaging. Quantitative assessment of the hydrated transition hypothesis will be conducted through collaborations with mineral physicists and geodynamicists. The second line of research involves extended observation and analysis of seismicity in the Raton Basin, which has hosted an increase in seismicity correlated with increased wastewater injection. This component will enable higher resolution and longer-term observations of feedbacks between seismogenic deformation and wastewater injection. Annual class research projects and undergraduate interns will primarily conduct data collection and analysis to constrain temporal variations in the distribution of active faults, source mechanisms, magnitude distribution, and susceptibility to external triggering. Place-based education efforts at the middle school level, where many students first encounter the geosciences, will use Raton Basin and EarthScope data to enhance exposure to geoscience research and awareness of geoscience career opportunities among underrepresented populations.

职业：北美下方的地幔地震结构和拉顿盆地不断变化的地震活动该项目将支持两条研究方向。第一个利用最近和正在进行的社区驱动的宽带地震数据收集系统地覆盖北美一半以上。第二个重点关注拉顿盆地的地震活动，该盆地位于新墨西哥州和科罗拉多州边境，是天然气生产和废水注入地区。这两条研究方向都包括为本科生和研究生提供教育机会，以及提高阿尔伯克基周边中学地球科学、特别是地球物理学代表性的外展活动。第一线研究的目标将通过对地幔结构及其对北美地下热和化学对流过程的影响进行地震调查来实现，特别是考虑支持或反对一个不寻常地层中存在大量地球化学水库的潜在证据。 400～700公里深称为地幔过渡带。该层的特性可以为地球历史上地表水演化的限制以及持续对流导致的部分融化的发生提供新的见解。第二线研究将涉及在该项目期间收集和分析拉顿盆地的地震数据，以测试地震的时空模式和机制如何响应不同的废水注入率、增加的累积注入量和小规模地震。该项目的两个主要研究目标是：1）检验北美下方的地幔过渡带是一个主要的地球化学水库的假设，2）限制拉顿盆地地震活动对废水注入的时间依赖性响应。这两条研究方向都与增加新墨西哥州中学生到研究生院不同层次的学生参与地球科学研究的教育目标相结合。第一线研究将使用对 EarthScope 地震数据进行一系列相互依赖的分析，包括绘制连续和横向零星界面、绘制界面清晰度和振幅的变化以及限制 3-D 速度结构对界面成像的影响。水合转变假说的定量评估将通过与矿物物理学家和地球动力学家的合作进行。第二条研究涉及对拉顿盆地地震活动的扩展观察和分析，该盆地的地震活动增加与废水注入的增加相关。该组件将使对震源变形和废水注入之间的反馈进行更高分辨率和更长期的观测。年度课程研究项目和本科生实习生将主要进行数据收集和分析，以约束活动断层分布、震源机制、震级分布和外部触发敏感性的时间变化。中学阶段的就地教育工作是许多学生第一次接触地球科学的地方，将利用拉顿盆地和 EarthScope 数据来提高代表性不足的人群对地球科学研究的接触和对地球科学职业机会的认识。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Raton Basin Induced Seismicity Is Hosted by Networks of Short Basement Faults and Mimics Tectonic Earthquake Statistics

拉顿盆地诱发地震活动由短基底断层网络和模拟构造地震统计主持

DOI：
10.1029/2021jb022839
发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子：
0
作者：
Glasgow, M.;Schmandt, B.;Wang, R.;Zhang, M.;Bilek, S. L.;Kiser, E.
通讯作者：
Kiser, E.

Rayleigh and S wave tomography constraints on subduction termination and lithospheric foundering in central California

瑞利和 S 波层析成像对加利福尼亚州中部俯冲终止和岩石圈沉没的限制

DOI：
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.009
发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Jiang, Chengxin;Schmandt, Brandon;Hansen, Steven M.;Dougherty, Sara L.;Clayton, Robert W.;Farrell, Jamie;Lin, Fan
通讯作者：
Lin, Fan

Seismic array constraints on reach-scale bedload transport

地震台阵对河段规模底土运输的限制