GOALI/Collaborative Research: Additive Manufacturing of Mechanically Strong and Electrochemically Robust Porous Electrodes for Ultra-High Energy Density Batteries

GOALI/合作研究：用于超高能量密度电池的机械强度和电化学鲁棒性多孔电极的增材制造

• 批准号: 1563029
• 负责人: Jonghyun Park
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Missouri University of Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1563029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Collaborative; Research; Additive; Manufacturing

This Grant Opportunity for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI) award supports fundamental research to enable the realization of reliable and ultra-high energy density batteries by low cost manufacturing methods. Research results can help in making electric vehicles cost-competitive with gasoline powered vehicles, thereby reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. This will have a broad and lasting impact on the environment. The research will also benefit the Internet of Things, the healthcare, and the consumer electronics industry, because many applications need robust and high capacity batteries. In addition, this project will help train US workforce in the interdisciplinary areas of energy, advanced materials, and advanced manufacturing through the development of interdisciplinary curricula and various science activities for diverse youth. This research focuses on making 3D electrodes using an aerosol jet-based additive manufacturing method along with nanoparticle sintering. The first research objective is to establish relationships between process parameters and the quality of 3D electrode architecture produced by the processes. Process parameters of aerosol jet-based additive manufacturing include carrier gas pressure, and nanoparticle size and dispersion; and sintering process parameters include sintering energy and time. The quality of 3D electrode architecture will be measured in terms of porosity level, pore geometry, specific capacity, and resistance to capacity fade. This objective will be achieved by carrying out experimental research guided by theoretical models. The solidification of nanoparticle solutions upon dispense and the consecutive sintering process will be modelled by using a discretized particle model and a diffusive model. Further, a model that solves the Li diffusion equation coupled with stress evolution and the cracking in the porous electrode will be developed using a multi-scale modeling approach. These models will guide the additive fabrication experiments using high specific capacity materials such as silicon and silicon dioxide. The second objective is to identify relationships between the characteristics of an artificial coating on the electrode and the resistance to electrode capacity fade. The characteristics of the coating include the thickness and uniformity of the coated layer. To achieve this objective, atomic layer deposition will be used to create an electrode-electrolyte interface layer over the 3D porous electrodes. Several microscopic analyses such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy will be used to measure the coating thickness and uniformity. Battery electrochemical experiments will then be carried out and the resistance to capacity fade will be measured using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy.

该学术与工业联络机会 (GOALI) 奖项支持基础研究，以通过低成本制造方法实现可靠的超高能量密度电池。研究成果有助于使电动汽车与汽油动力汽车相比具有成本竞争力，从而减少温室气体排放。这将对环境产生广泛而持久的影响。该研究还将有利于物联网、医疗保健和消费电子行业，因为许多应用需要坚固且高容量的电池。 此外，该项目还将通过为不同的年轻人开发跨学科课程和各种科学活动，帮助培训美国能源、先进材料和先进制造等跨学科领域的劳动力。这项研究的重点是使用基于气溶胶喷射的增材制造方法和纳米颗粒烧结来制造 3D 电极。第一个研究目标是建立工艺参数与工艺生产的 3D 电极结构质量之间的关系。基于气溶胶喷射的增材制造的工艺参数包括载气压力、纳米颗粒尺寸和分散度；烧结工艺参数包括烧结能量和时间。 3D 电极结构的质量将通过孔隙率水平、孔隙几何形状、比容量和抗容量衰减性来衡量。这一目标将通过在理论模型指导下开展实验研究来实现。将使用离散颗粒模型和扩散模型对分配时纳米颗粒溶液的固化和连续烧结过程进行建模。此外，将使用多尺度建模方法开发一个模型，用于求解与应力演化和多孔电极裂纹相结合的锂扩散方程。这些模型将指导使用硅和二氧化硅等高比容量材料的增材制造实验。第二个目标是确定电极上人造涂层的特性与电极容量衰减的抵抗力之间的关系。涂层的特性包括涂层的厚度和均匀性。为了实现这一目标，将使用原子层沉积在 3D 多孔电极上创建电极-电解质界面层。原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等几种微观分析将用于测量涂层厚度和均匀性。然后将进行电池电化学实验，并使用循环伏安法和阻抗谱测量抗容量衰减能力。