COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: RUI: SINK OR SWIM: PHENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC DIVERSIFICATION OF SCULPINS (TELEOSTEI: COTTIDAE) ENDEMIC TO LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA

合作研究：RUI：下沉还是游泳：俄罗斯贝加尔湖特有的杜父鱼（Teleostei：Cottidae）的表型和转录组多样性

• 批准号: 1557149
• 负责人: Andres Aguilar
• 金额: $ 19.37万
• 依托单位: California State L A University Auxiliary Services Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-15 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1557149&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; RUI; SINK; SWIM; COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; RUI; SINK; SWIM

Ancient lakes are biodiversity hotspots, home to thousands of unique species with an extraordinary diversity of body forms and functions. With more than 1,500 species found nowhere else on the planet, Lake Baikal is an ideal environment to study the processes that resulted in creation of new species. The Baikal biodiversity hotspot is also a geographical anomaly, because global species diversity normally declines near polar regions. Despite Baikal's renown as the world's oldest, deepest, and largest lake, the evolutionary history of its unique species diversity remains poorly understood. This project examines the evolutionary history of sculpins, a group of primarily bottom-dwelling cold water fishes that colonized Baikal within a relatively short period of the lake's history. Baikal sculpins are uniquely adapted to life in an ancient lake, having evolved multiple open-water and deep-water forms. This project is focused on identifying the molecular basis for such variation, including gene sequences that evolve through generations and gene-expression changes that occur during development. New information gained from this study can be compared to ongoing research on fishes from other ancient lakes, in order to identify unifying processes that explain adaptation in these unique ecosystems.Baikal sculpins represent the world's northernmost vertebrate radiation within an ancient lake ecosystem, with at least 33 species estimated to have evolved within the past two million years. Rapid diversification of skeletal morphology and body composition suggests that this clade has undergone ecological release from a stream-living ancestor, but phylogenetic analysis has thus far been limited to a single genetic locus. A genomic inventory of Baikal sculpins will be generated through systematic surveys of all lake habitats and the surrounding watershed. Tributaries to Baikal will also be sampled in the search for a putative ancestral sculpin population. A time-calibrated species tree will be generated from sequence variants at presumed neutral (RADseq) and functional (RNAseq) loci. Gene expression phenotypes will be mapped on the phylogeny to infer relative rates of phenotypic and ecological change. If a putative ancestral population is discovered in the tributaries to Lake Baikal, this system will offer an unprecedented opportunity to understand the genetic factors that predispose certain groups to adaptive radiation.

古老的湖泊是生物多样性热点，拥有数千种独特物种的所在地，这些物种具有非凡的身体形式和功能。贝加尔湖在地球上没有1,500多种物种，是研究导致新物种产生的过程的理想环境。贝加尔生物多样性热点也是地理异常，因为全球物种多样性通常在极地地区下降。尽管贝加尔（Baikal）是世界上最古老，最深，最大的湖泊，但其独特物种多样性的进化历史仍然鲜为人知。该项目研究了苏氨饼的进化历史，苏氨饼是一群主要是底部的冷水鱼，在湖泊历史的相对较短的时间内殖民了贝加尔。贝加尔雕塑是在古老的湖泊中独特地适合生命的，这些湖泊已经进化出多种开放水和深水形式。该项目的重点是确定这种变异的分子基础，包括通过世代和发育过程中发生的基因表达变化而发展的基因序列。从这项研究中获得的新信息可以与对来自其他古老湖泊的鱼类进行的持续研究进行比较，以确定统一的过程来解释这些独特的生态系统中的适应性。BAIKALSCULPINS代表了古老的湖泊生态系统中世界上最北端的脊椎动物辐射，至少有33种在过去的200万年中进化了33种。骨骼形态和人体组成的快速多样化表明，该进化枝已经从河流生命的祖先中进行了生态释放，但是迄今为止，系统发育分析仅限于一个遗传基因座。通过对所有湖泊栖息地和周围的流域进行系统的调查，将产生一种贝加尔雕塑的基因组清单。在寻找推定的祖先丝蛋白种群时，还将对贝加尔的支流进行采样。被假定的中性（RadSeq）和功能性（RNASEQ）基因座的序列变体将产生一个时间校准的物种树。基因表达表型将在系统发育中映射到推断表型和生态变化的相对速率。如果在贝加尔湖的支流中发现了推定的祖先人口，则该系统将提供前所未有的机会，以了解使某些群体适应适应性辐射的遗传因素。