Multidimensional Chronological Analysis of Manuscript Corpora Using Isaac Newton's Chymical Papers as a Test Platform

以艾萨克·牛顿化学论文为测试平台的手稿语料库的多维年代分析

• 批准号: 1556864
• 负责人: William Newman
• 金额: $ 40.59万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1556864&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Multidimensional; Chronological; Analysis; Manuscript; Corpora

General Audience Summary Scholars who work with manuscript materials encounter numerous difficulties beyond the obvious fact that handwriting can be difficult and ambiguous to read. The problem of dating the different stages of composition is often a significant issue, as in the case of early modern scientific and technological manuscripts, which were often separated or even dismembered and reassembled after the author?s death, as with the papers of Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Robert Boyle, and Isaac Newton, to name just a few. A solution to the problems posed by dating large manuscript corpora would therefore be of benefit to researchers in many areas scholarship, not to mention librarians and museum workers. The present proposal aims to use Isaac Newton?s very large manuscript Nachlass as a platform for exploring multiple techniques, including computational techniques and others, for dating manuscripts and for assessing them in combination with one another. In addition to providing important historical information that will enable scholars to come to grips with the chronological development of Newton?s chymical corpus, which is of substantial public interest as well as of scholarly interest, the tools and approaches that are to be used in this project will be transportable to all other projects that contain undated manuscript material in any field of inquiry, not just the history of science. A final impact of the proposal will be to further public awareness of Newton?s chymical research, an area that will help to stimulate interest in science in an audience that ranges from K-12 students up to professionals with widely diverse intellectual interests.Technical Summary The techniques that are to be used in this project include comparison of parallel passages generated automatically by a barrage of computational techniques (e.g. Latent Semantic Analysis and Topic Modeling), spectro-metric analysis of inks and papers by Raman spectroscopy, comparison of watermarks by means of the latest imaging technologies, tracking of developments in orthography and handwriting, and the systematic study of citations, facilitated by the production of an authoritative electronic bibliography with hyperlinks to the citations in texts. In addition to applying these multiple techniques, the project will follow an integrative approach to assessing the data generated by them. In order to achieve this result, the project will use network graph analysis to produce visual clusters of manuscripts and passages whose respective chronological markers correlate with one another. Correlations generated by independent test-runs employing different techniques (e.g. ink-analysis and watermark-analysis) will then be compared to one another, using image graphs. In cases where a clean overlay of graphs does not result, team members will revisit the data and determine the cause of the poor ?fit.? Metrical techniques will also be developed for determining the degree of agreement that constitutes good versus poor fit. The result will be a model for determining relative chronology of the parts within large textual corpora that will be transportable to other projects.

除了显而易见的事实外，与手稿材料一起工作的总体学者遇到了许多困难，即手写可能很困难且模棱两可。约会不同构图阶段的问题通常是一个重大问题，就像早期的现代科学和技术手稿一样，在作者死亡之后，通常将它们分开，甚至肢解，并重新组装，就像莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）的论文一样因此，通过约会大型手稿语料库来解决问题的解决方案将对许多领域的研究人员有益，更不用说图书馆员和博物馆工作人员了。本提案旨在将Isaac Newton的非常大的手稿Nachlass用作探索多种技术的平台，包括计算技术和其他技术，用于约会手稿，并彼此结合评估它们。 除了提供重要的历史信息外，还可以使学者能够按照牛顿的按时间顺序发展进行掌握，哪些具有很大的公共利益以及学术意义，该项目中要使用的工具和方法都可以运输到所有其他项目中，这些项目都包含在任何探究范围内，不仅是科学历史的探究领域中的所有其他官方材料。该提案的最终影响将是进一步公众对牛顿的智囊性研究的认识，该领域将有助于刺激对科学的兴趣，从K-12学生到具有广泛多样化智力兴趣的专业人员的范围，技术总结在该项目中应在该项目中进行的，包括对平行段落的序列进行了启动的技术。通过拉曼光谱法对墨水和纸张的光谱分析，通过最新成像技术对水印的比较，跟踪拼字和笔迹中的发展以及对引用的系统研究，这是由对文本中的超级链接的权威电子书目的产生而产生的。除了应用这些多种技术外，该项目还将遵循一种综合方法来评估它们生成的数据。为了实现这一结果，该项目将使用网络图分析来产生手稿和段落的视觉簇，这些手稿和段落相应的时间学标记相互关联。然后，使用图像图，将使用不同技术（例如墨水分析和水印 - 分析）产生的相关性（例如墨水分析和水印 - 分析）。如果不会产生干净的图形覆盖层，则团队成员会重新访问数据并确定穷人的原因。还将开发指标技术来确定构成良好与差差的一致性程度。结果将是确定大型文本语料库中零件的相对时间顺序的模型，该零件将可以运输到其他项目。