EAGER: Renewables: Collaborative Research: Foundations of Prosumer-Centric Grid Energy Management

EAGER：可再生能源：合作研究：以产消者为中心的电网能源管理的基础

• 批准号: 1549900
• 负责人: Narayan Mandayam
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1549900&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Renewables; Collaborative; Research; Foundations

This project considers the interaction of prosumers with the power grid using prospect theory, a seminal contribution to behavioral economics that won the Nobel Prize (?prosumer? refers to an electricity consumer who also takes the role of a producer and seller of electricity). Prospect theory gives a methodology for understanding people?s economic choices based on their actual behavior and their assessment of potential gains and losses versus the assessed levels of risk. Prospect theory thus helps one to understand the actual dynamics of economic choices, without assuming that the outcomes that might be predicted using game theory must actually come to pass. The project takes the stand that achieving a sustainable smart grid requires transforming today?s power grid into a prosumer-centric grid in which a significant portion of energy stems from renewable sources and other prosumer-owned devices. The success of this vision is contingent on large-scale, active prosumer participation in energy management. However, just because such participation can be of significant benefit to participants, it cannot be assumed that prosumers will actually become fully involved in the smart grid. Empirical data shows that, despite its exciting prospects, the widespread adoption of the smart grid has been hindered by modest user participation. Motivated by emerging grid scenarios, this project employs the mathematical framework of prospect theory to study smart grid energy management. The results of the project will advance multiple disciplines including power systems, game theory, economics, and cognitive psychology. The behavioral experiments will pioneer the generation of new real life models for user participation in energy management. This interdisciplinary research will provide necessary mathematical foundations to expedite the realization of a prosumer-centric, sustainable smart grid vision. The developed techniques will provide a fundamental understanding of the role of prosumers in the smart grid. It can also lead to new economic and regulatory grid protocols and policies. A software tool will create a new platform for participation in smart grid research and education. The unique marriage of smart grid design and cognitive psychology will offer an innovative educational opportunity to involve graduate and undergraduate students from both engineering and psychology via new and existing courses as well as participation in behavioral experiments. Outreach events targeted at high school and minority students will be organized.There is ample evidence (anecdotal and otherwise) that decision making in real life is often guided by perceptions that deviate from the precepts of standard game theory. Using prospect theory to understand the role of such users? perceptions in the smart grid, an increasingly prosumer-centric system, is a stepping stone toward accelerating its adoption. Preliminary investigation of prospect theory in energy management reveals that deviations from standard game theory can lead to undesirable grid performance, thus necessitating new prospect theory schemes cognizant of real life prosumer behavior. Using prospect theory, a novel framework is introduced to fundamentally understand the role of prosumer participation in energy management. Due to an interdisciplinary mix of theory, algorithm design, and cognitive psychology experiments, this research will yield the following key innovations: 1) new fundamental results on the impact of prosumer behavior on energy management, 2) prosumer-centric, sustainable energy management schemes and associated pricing mechanisms that optimize grid operation by tightly integrating the effect of user behavior and subjective utility perceptions via novel prospect theory notions, 3) a new stochastic prospect theory game class for grid-aware energy management that accounts for grid dynamics and uncertainty due to factors such as renewables, and 4) real life cognitive psychology experiments coupled with a new software platform that will yield new, realistic behavioral models for smart grid prosumers.

该项目利用前景理论考虑了产消者与电网的相互作用，这是对行为经济学的开创性贡献，获得了诺贝尔奖（“产消者”指的是同时扮演电力生产者和销售者角色的电力消费者）。前景理论提供了一种方法，用于根据人们的实际行为以及对潜在收益和损失与评估风险水平的评估来理解人们的经济选择。因此，前景理论有助于人们理解经济选择的实际动态，而无需假设使用博弈论预测的结果必须实际发生。 该项目的立场是，实现可持续的智能电网需要将当今的电网转变为以产消者为中心的电网，其中很大一部分能源来自可再生能源和其他产消者拥有的设备。这一愿景的成功取决于产消者大规模、积极地参与能源管理。然而，仅仅因为这种参与可以给参与者带来重大利益，就不能假设产消者实际上会完全参与智能电网。经验数据表明，尽管智能电网的前景令人兴奋，但用户参与程度较低却阻碍了智能电网的广泛采用。在新兴电网场景的推动下，该项目采用前景理论的数学框架来研究智能电网能源管理。该项目的成果将推动电力系统、博弈论、经济学和认知心理学等多个学科的发展。这些行为实验将开创用户参与能源管理的新现实生活模型的产生。这项跨学科研究将为加快实现以消费者为中心的可持续智能电网愿景提供必要的数学基础。所开发的技术将使人们对智能电网中产消者的作用有一个基本的了解。它还可以带来新的经济和监管网格协议和政策。软件工具将为参与智能电网研究和教育创建一个新平台。智能电网设计和认知心理学的独特结合将提供创新的教育机会，让工程和心理学的研究生和本科生通过新的和现有的课程以及参与行为实验来参与。将组织针对高中和少数族裔学生的外展活动。有充足的证据（轶事和其他证据）表明，现实生活中的决策往往受到偏离标准博弈论规则的看法的指导。用前景理论来了解此类用户的角色？智能电网是一个日益以消费者为中心的系统，人们对智能电网的看法是加速其采用的踏脚石。对能源管理中前景理论的初步研究表明，偏离标准博弈论可能会导致不良的电网性能，因此需要新的前景理论方案来认识现实生活中的产消者行为。利用前景理论，引入了一个新颖的框架，从根本上理解产消者参与能源管理的作用。由于理论、算法设计和认知心理学实验的跨学科结合，这项研究将产生以下关键创新：1）产消者行为对能源管理影响的新基本结果，2）以产消者为中心的可持续能源管理方案以及相关的定价机制，通过新颖的前景理论概念紧密结合用户行为的影响和主观效用感知来优化电网运行，3）一种新的随机前景理论博弈类，用于网格感知能源管理，该类考虑了电网动态和不确定性等因素作为可再生能源，4）现实生活中的认知心理学实验与新的软件平台相结合，将为智能电网产消者产生新的、现实的行为模型。