INSPIRE: Teaming Citizen Science with Machine Learning to Deepen LIGO's View of the Cosmos

INSPIRE：将公民科学与机器学习相结合，深化 LIGO 的宇宙观

基本信息

批准号：
1547880
负责人：
Vassiliki Kalogera
金额：
$ 99.97万
依托单位：
Northwestern University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-10-01 至 2019-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1547880&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
INSPIRE Teaming Citizen Science Machine

项目摘要

This INSPIRE award is partially funded by the Cyber-Human Systems Program in the Division of Information and Intelligent Systems in the Directorate for Computer Science and Engineering, the Gravitational Physics Program in the Division of Physics in the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, and the Office of Integrative Activities.This innovative project will develop a citizen science system to support the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (aLIGO), the most complicated experiment ever undertaken in gravitational physics. Before the end of this decade it will open up the window of gravitational wave observations on the Universe. However, the high detector sensitivity needed for astrophysical discoveries makes aLIGO very susceptible to noncosmic artifacts and noise that must be identified and separated from cosmic signals. Teaching computers to identify and morphologically classify these artifacts in detector data is exceedingly difficult. Human eyesight is a proven tool for classification, but the aLIGO data streams from approximately 30,000 sensors and monitors easily overwhelm a single human. This research will address these problems by coupling human classification with a machine learning model that learns from the citizen scientists and also guides how information is provided to participants. A novel feature of this system will be its reliance on volunteers to discover new glitch classes, not just use existing ones. The project includes research on the human-centered computing aspects of this sociocomputational system, and thus can inspire future citizen science projects that do not merely exploit the labor of volunteers but engage them as partners in scientific discovery. Therefore, the project will have substantial educational benefits for the volunteers, who will gain a good understanding on how science works, and will be a part of the excitement of opening up a new window on the universe.This is an innovative, interdisciplinary collaboration between the existing LIGO, at the time it is being technically enhanced, and Zooniverse, which has fielded a workable crowdsourcing model, currently involving over a million people on 30 projects. The work will help aLIGO to quickly identify noise and artifacts in the science data stream, separating out legitimate astrophysical events, and allowing those events to be distributed to other observatories for more detailed source identification and study. This project will also build and evaluate an interface between machine learning and human learning that will itself be an advance on current methods. It can be depicted as a loop: (1) By sifting through enormous amounts of aLIGO data, the citizen scientists will produce a robust "gold standard" glitch dataset that can be used to seed and train machine learning algorithms that will aid in the identification task. (2) The machine learning protocols that select and classify glitch events will be developed to maximize the potential of the citizen scientists by organizing and passing the data to them in more effective ways. The project will experiment with the task design and workflow organization (leveraging previous Zooniverse experience) to build a system that takes advantage of the distinctive strengths of the machines (ability to process large amounts of data systematically) and the humans (ability to identify patterns and spot discrepancies), and then using the model to enable high quality aLIGO detector characterization and gravitational wave searches.

该 INSPIRE 奖的部分资金由计算机科学与工程理事会信息和智能系统司的网络人类系统项目、数学和物理科学理事会物理司的重力物理项目以及综合活动办公室。这个创新项目将开发一个公民科学系统，以支持先进激光干涉引力波天文台（aLIGO），这是引力物理领域有史以来最复杂的实验。在本十年结束之前，它将打开宇宙引力波观测的窗口。然而，天体物理发现所需的高探测器灵敏度使得 aLIGO 非常容易受到非宇宙伪影和噪声的影响，必须从宇宙信号中识别和分离这些伪影和噪声。教计算机识别探测器数据中的这些伪影并对其进行形态分类非常困难。人类的视力是一种经过验证的分类工具，但来自大约 30,000 个传感器和监视器的 aLIGO 数据流很容易淹没一个人。这项研究将通过将人类分类与机器学习模型相结合来解决这些问题，该模型向公民科学家学习并指导如何向参与者提供信息。该系统的一个新颖特征是它依赖志愿者来发现新的故障类别，而不仅仅是使用现有的故障类别。该项目包括对该社会计算系统以人为中心的计算方面的研究，因此可以激发未来的公民科学项目，这些项目不仅利用志愿者的劳动，而且让他们作为科学发现的合作伙伴。因此，该项目将为志愿者带来巨大的教育效益，他们将更好地了解科学是如何运作的，并将成为打开宇宙新窗口的兴奋的一部分。这是一项创新的跨学科合作，现有的 LIGO（当时正在对其进行技术增强）和 Zooniverse（该模型已经推出了可行的众包模式，目前涉及 30 个项目的超过 100 万人）。这项工作将帮助 aLIGO 快速识别科学数据流中的噪声和伪影，分离出合法的天体物理事件，并允许将这些事件分发到其他天文台以进行更详细的源识别和研究。该项目还将构建和评估机器学习和人类学习之间的接口，这本身就是当前方法的进步。它可以被描述为一个循环：（1）通过筛选大量的 aLIGO 数据，公民科学家将生成一个强大的“黄金标准”故障数据集，该数据集可用于播种和训练机器学习算法，从而有助于识别任务。 (2) 将开发选择和分类故障事件的机器学习协议，通过以更有效的方式组织和传递数据来最大限度地发挥公民科学家的潜力。该项目将尝试任务设计和工作流程组织（利用以前的 Zooniverse 经验）来构建一个系统，该系统利用机器（系统地处理大量数据的能力）和人类（识别模式和数据的能力）的独特优势。点差异），然后使用该模型实现高质量的 aLIGO 探测器表征和引力波搜索。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Discovering features in gravitational-wave data through detector characterization, citizen science and machine learning

DOI：
10.1088/1361-6382/ac1ccb
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
Classical and Quantum Gravity
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
S. Soni;C. Berry;S. Coughlin;M. Harandi;C. Jackson;Kevin Crowston;C. Osterlund;O. Patane;A. Katsaggelos;L. Trouille;V-G Baranowski;W. Domainko;K. Kamiński;M. A. L. Rodriguez;U. Marciniak;P. Nauta;G. Niklasch;R. Rote;B. T'egl'as;C. Unsworth;C. Zhang
通讯作者：
S. Soni;C. Berry;S. Coughlin;M. Harandi;C. Jackson;Kevin Crowston;C. Osterlund;O. Patane;A. Katsaggelos;L. Trouille;V-G Baranowski;W. Domainko;K. Kamiński;M. A. L. Rodriguez;U. Marciniak;P. Nauta;G. Niklasch;R. Rote;B. T'egl'as;C. Unsworth;C. Zhang

Gravity Spy Volunteer Classifications of LIGO Glitches from Observing Runs O1, O2, O3a, and O3b

重力间谍志愿者对 O1、O2、O3a 和 O3b 观测运行中的 LIGO 故障进行分类

DOI：
10.5281/zenodo.5911226
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Zenodo
影响因子：
0
作者：
Zevin, Michael;Coughlin, Scott;Chase, Eve;Allen, Sara;Bahaadini, Sara;Berry, Christopher;Crowston, Kevin;Harandi, Mabi;Jackson, Corey;Kalogera, Vicky
通讯作者：
Kalogera, Vicky

Gravity Spy: Humans, Machines and The Future of Citizen Science

重力间谍：人类、机器和公民科学的未来