NCS-FO: Collaborative Research: Micro-scale Real-time Decoding and Closed-loop Modulation of Human Language

NCS-FO：协作研究：人类语言的微尺度实时解码和闭环调制

• 批准号: 1533688
• 负责人: Behnaam Aazhang
• 金额: $ 72万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1533688&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NCS; FO; Collaborative; Research; Micro

Humans produce language, which is a defining characteristic of our species and our civilization. We can select words precisely out of a large lexicon with remarkably low error rates. It is perhaps not surprising that this complex speech production system is easily affected by disease. Brain damage induced language disorders affect millions of Americans, and there is little hope of remediation. Research on the anatomical, physiological, and computational bases of speech production has made important strides in recent years but this has been limited by a glaring lack of information on the dynamics of the process. This limitation results from the low spatio-temporal resolution of the available tools to collect data and the effectiveness of the current tools for analysis. Our driving vision in this project is to develop an unparalleled understanding of cortical connectivity in the human language system at small spatio-temporal scales. We possess much expertise in signal decoding of the processes of cued word production with intracranial recording techniques, as well as using cortical stimulation to modulate the system. FDA-approved arrays will be used to perform closed-loop decoding of sensorimotor processes during speech production and transient neuromodulation of the language system in patients with epilepsy undergoing intracranial electrode placement for the localization of seizures. Ultimately though, the fine-grained understanding and representation of sensorimotor loops in the language system necessitates the development of ultra-small energy efficient detectors that will enable the knowledge gained in this exploratory project to be eventually applied in patients who have sustained neurological injuries that have resulted in pervasive language impairments. This integrative project brings innovative microelectronics technologies together with state of the art large data analysis techniques to begin to develop a first of its kind system to remediate language disorders.The engineering objective is to develop biocompatible microchips to vastly enhance our insight into language and other cognitive processes and learning. Miniaturized microchips in silicon technology will be developed that can record neural signals, digitize them, and transmit the signals to an in vitro receiver wirelessly. The three-fold thrust of the project will be integrated when the PIs develop closed-loop real time decoding and transient neuromodulation system based on a population of miniaturized detectors and neuromodulators. The system has the potential to provide an unprecedented detailed understanding of the human language system and provide the framework and hardware for neural prosthetics in patients with aphasia and other language disorders. The project embodies multiple high-risk goals that have the potential to shift neuroengineering paradigm from recording and modulating in only a few regions of the brain to deploying a population of ultra-small and energy efficient detectors-modulators.

人类产生语言，这是我们物种和文明的决定性特征。我们可以从庞大的词典中精确地选择单词，并且错误率非常低。这种复杂的语音产生系统很容易受到疾病的影响，这也许并不奇怪。脑损伤引起的语言障碍影响着数百万美国人，而且治愈的希望渺茫。近年来，对语音产生的解剖学、生理学和计算基础的研究取得了重要进展，但由于对该过程动态信息的明显缺乏而受到限制。这种限制是由于现有数据收集工具的时空分辨率较低以及当前分析工具的有效性造成的。我们在这个项目中的主要愿景是在小时空尺度上对人类语言系统中的皮质连接性产生无与伦比的理解。我们在利用颅内记录技术对提示词产生过程进行信号解码以及使用皮质刺激来调节系统方面拥有丰富的专业知识。 FDA 批准的阵列将用于对接受颅内电极放置以定位癫痫发作的癫痫患者的语言产生过程中的感觉运动过程进行闭环解码以及语言系统的瞬时神经调节。但最终，对语言系统中感觉运动环路的细粒度理解和表示需要开发超小型节能探测器，这将使在这个探索性项目中获得的知识最终应用于患有神经损伤的患者。导致普遍的语言障碍。这个综合项目将创新的微电子技术与最先进的大数据分析技术结合起来，开始开发第一个治疗语言障碍的系统。工程目标是开发生物相容性微芯片，以极大地增强我们对语言和其他认知能力的洞察力。过程和学习。将开发硅技术的微型微芯片，可以记录神经信号，将其数字化，并将信号无线传输到体外接收器。当 PI 开发基于小型探测器和神经调制器的闭环实时解码和瞬态神经调制系统时，该项目的三重推动力将得到整合。该系统有潜力提供对人类语言系统前所未有的详细理解，并为失语症和其他语言障碍患者的神经修复提供框架和硬件。该项目体现了多个高风险目标，这些目标有可能将神经工程范式从仅在大脑的几个区域进行记录和调制转变为部署一组超小型且节能的探测器-调制器。