Dimensions: Landscape Genomics of an Adaptive Radiation using Ultra-High Resolution Genetic, Morphometric, and Spatial Analysis

维度：使用超高分辨率遗传、形态测量和空间分析的自适应辐射的景观基因组学

• 批准号: 1542534
• 负责人: Ian Wang
• 金额: $ 148.61万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-15 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1542534&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dimensions; Landscape; Genomics; Adaptive; Radiation; Dimensions; Landscape; Genomics; Adaptive; Radiation

During adaptive radiation, a group of organisms diversifies into a variety of forms specialized for different environments or ecological roles. Anolis lizards (anoles) on the Greater Antillean islands in the Caribbean have undergone repeated adaptive evolution, resulting in the formation of different species on different islands that have evolved similar traits for occupying similar parts of the forest habitat. This is a remarkable case of convergent evolution, in which separate species independently evolve similar traits, and ecological divergence, in which species diversify in response to the environment. Thus, anoles present opportunities to answer several important questions, including what are the factors that produce diversity in the important ecological traits of a species? What is the genetic basis for these traits, and are the same genes involved in the repeated evolution of particular traits in different species? When do the processes generating variation lead to speciation, in which one species diversifies into multiple, distinct species? This project will examine how spatial variation in the environment leads to variation in adaptive physical traits and variation across the genome both within and between species. The researchers will use advanced methods in genetic, morphology, and spatial statistics to analyze individual animals from a dozen species of anoles collected across different environments. By examining multiple species and many individual from each species, the researchers will be able to identify the factors that generate different levels of biodiversity during different stages of adaptive evolution. This project will also result in the training of two postdoctoral researchers and numerous graduate and undergraduate students, including students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds. The researchers also plan to integrate the results of the project into classroom learning modules on the ecology and evolution of adaptive radiations for K-12 students.Adaptive radiations, like the replicated diversification of Anolis lizards on the Greater Antilles into ecomorph classes through the evolution of novel traits, present excellent systems in which to study ecological divergence and parallel evolution. The overarching goal of the proposed research will be to examine how spatial environmental variation generates adaptive phenotypic diversity (Functional dimension), population genomic diversity (Genetic dimension), and ecomorphological species diversity (Phylogenetic dimension) in replicated adaptive radiations of Anolis lizards. Specifically, this project will test whether patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation depend upon the spatial structure of the environment or the ecology of the species; whether parallel phenotypic divergence involves parallel genetic divergence; whether environmental variation generates heterogeneous genomic divergence both within and between species; and whether the same regions of the genome are repeatedly involved in generating ecomorphological diversity. These questions will be answered by assembling ultra-high resolution environmental, morphological, and genetic datasets for 12 Anolis species from the Greater Antilles using cutting-edge data collection methods. This project will use terrestrial-LiDAR scans of structural habitats and geospatial analysis of bioclimatic layers in a GIS (Geographical Information System) to generate the environmental data, exon capture and whole exome sequencing to produce the genetic data, and micro-CT scanning to generate 3D reconstructions of field-collected specimens for the morphological data. Innovative analytical approaches will then be used to integrate these diverse datasets to understand the processes underlying diversification across different stages of adaptive radiation.

在自适应辐射过程中，一组生物体将专门用于不同环境或生态作用的各种形式。 加勒比地区大安提兰群岛上的Anolis蜥蜴（Anoles）经历了反复的适应性进化，导致在不同岛屿上形成了不同物种，这些物种进化了相似的特征，以占据森林栖息地的相似部分。 这是融合进化的一个了不起的案例，其中独立的物种独立进化了相似的特征和生态差异，其中物种随着环境的响应而多样化。 因此，Anoles提供了回答几个重要问题的机会，包括在物种的重要生态特征中产生多样性的因素是什么？ 这些特征的遗传基础是什么，并且在不同物种中特定特征反复演变中涉及相同的基因？ 何时产生变异的过程导致物种形成，其中一个物种分散成多种不同的物种？ 该项目将研究环境中的空间变化如何导致自适应物理特征的变化以及物种之间和物种之间基因组之间的变化。 研究人员将使用遗传，形态和空间统计的先进方法来分析来自不同环境中收集的十几种肛门的单个动物。 通过检查每个物种的多种物种和许多人，研究人员将能够确定在自适应进化的不同阶段产生不同水平的生物多样性的因素。 该项目还将导致对两名博士后研究人员以及众多研究生和本科生进行培训，包括传统代表性不足的学生。 研究人员还计划将项目的结果整合到有关K-12学生适应性辐射的生态学和演变的课堂学习模块中。适应性辐射，例如通过新的Anolis蜥蜴在更大的Antilles中复制到Ecomorph类中的多元化，通过新型特征的演化，以研究生态文化和平均水平进化的出色系统。拟议的研究的总体目标是研究如何在复制的Anolis lizards的复制适应性辐射中，如何产生适应性表型多样性（功能维度），种群基因组多样性（遗传学维度）和生态形态学物种多样性（系统发育维度）。具体而言，该项目将测试遗传和表型变异的模式是否取决于环境的空间结构或物种的生态。平行表型差异是否涉及平行遗传差异；环境变异是否在物种之间和物种之间产生异质基因组差异；以及基因组的相同区域是否反复参与产生生态形态多样性。这些问题将通过使用尖端的数据收集方法组装到大型安列斯群岛的12种厌氧菌物种的环境，形态和遗传数据集来回答这些问题。该项目将使用GIS（地理信息系统）中生物气候层的结构栖息地的地面扫描以及对环境数据，外显子捕获和整个外显子组测序的生成遗传数据，以生成遗传数据，并生成微CT扫描，以生成现场收集的图表的3D重建。然后，将使用创新的分析方法来整合这些不同的数据集，以了解自适应辐射不同阶段的多样化的过程。