Ecological impacts and drivers of double-stranded DNA viral communities in the global oceans

全球海洋中双链 DNA 病毒群落的生态影响和驱动因素

• 批准号: 1536989
• 负责人: Matthew Sullivan
• 金额: $ 85.15万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536989&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ecological; impacts; drivers; double; stranded

Ocean microbes produce half of the oxygen that humans breath and drive much of the energy and nutrient transformations that fuel ocean ecosystems. Viruses of microbes alter these microbial impacts through mortality, moving genes from one organism to another, and reprogramming a host cell's metabolism during infection. However, current understanding of ocean viruses is limited to just a few specific model systems or study sites. This project will produce a foundational dataset - the Global Ocean Virome (GOV) - for contextualizing newly discovered viruses, and use this dataset to evaluate the environmental conditions that structure viral communities or how viral communities change over time and space. Additionally, the project will illuminate 'viral dark matter' by experimentally identifying viral structural proteins and generating and investigating single-cell genomic datasets to link novel and abundant viruses to their host cells. The project will train 6 researchers, as well as lead to curriculum, seminars and a public exhibit at The Wellington School and the Columbus Center Of Science and Industry that will together reach approximately 500 students and 250,000 members of the public.The GOV dataset is comprised of 104 viral metagenomes from around the world's surface and deep oceans. This project seeks to analyze the GOV to identify and quantify viral populations globally, then evaluate these data for ecological patterns to determine the ecological drivers of surface and deep ocean viral community structure. These patterns and drivers will be interpreted in the context of (i) viral metaproteomic experiments to maximally annotate unknown viral proteins that are structural, (ii) paired microbial sequence datasets (metagenomes and metatranscriptomes) that will enable assessment of how biotic factors impact viral community structure and (iii) single-cell amplified genomes and phageFISH experiments that will enable identification of hosts for abundant and novel viruses identified in the GOV. In total, this project will further optimize recently developed genome- and population-based viral ecology methods to establish a first available global map of surface and deep ocean viral populations from both free viromes and infected microbes. These analyses will help evaluate and establish myriad hypotheses about viral roles in marine microbial ecology and biogeochemistry, and the dataset will be a foundational resource for microbial and viral ecologists to contextualize new viruses, identify viruses in microbial datasets, and explore virus-host interactions both phenomenologically and through ecosystem modeling. The GOV will be made publicly available through the NSF-funded iPlant Cyberinfrastructure and metaVIR (http://metavir-meb.univ-bpclermont.fr/).

海洋微生物会产生一半的氧气，使人类呼吸，并驱动大部分能量和营养转化，从而为海洋生态系统燃料。微生物的病毒通过死亡率改变了这些微生物的影响，将基因从一种生物转移到另一种生物，并在感染过程中重新编程宿主细胞的代谢。但是，当前对海洋病毒的理解仅限于一些特定的模型系统或研究地点。该项目将生成一个基础数据集 - 全球海洋病毒瘤（Gov），以使新发现的病毒上下文化，并使用该数据集评估结构病毒群落或病毒群落随时间和空间的变化的环境条件。此外，该项目将通过实验鉴定病毒结构蛋白并生成和研究单细胞基因组数据集将新颖和丰富病毒与宿主细胞联系起来，从而阐明“病毒暗物质”。该项目将培训6名研究人员，并在惠灵顿学校和哥伦布科学与工业中心进行课程，研讨会和公开展览，共同吸引大约500名学生和25万名公众。来自世界表面和深海周围的104个病毒宏基因组。该项目旨在分析政府以识别和量化全球病毒种群，然后评估这些数据的生态模式，以确定地表和深海病毒群落结构的生态驱动因素。这些模式和驱动因素将在（i）病毒式元蛋白质组学实验的背景下进行解释，以最大程度地注释结构性的未知病毒蛋白，（ii）配对的微生物序列数据集（元素和元汇集），这些蛋白会影响生物群体如何影响生物群落因素如何影响病毒群落。结构和（iii）单细胞扩增的基因组和噬菌体实验，可以鉴定宿主在Gov中鉴定出的丰富和新型病毒。总体而言，该项目将进一步优化最近开发的基因组和基于人群的病毒生态方法，以建立来自自由病毒瘤和感染微生物的首次可用的全球表面和深海病毒群体图。这些分析将有助于评估和建立关于海洋微生物生态学和生物地球化学中病毒作用的无数假设，并且数据集将是微生物和病毒生态学家的基本资源现象学和通过生态系统建模。该政府将通过NSF资助的iPlant网络基础结构和Metavir（http://metavir-meb.univ-bpclermont.fr/）公开获得。

项目成果

Marine DNA Viral Macro- and Microdiversity from Pole to Pole

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.040
• 发表时间: 2019-05-16
• 期刊: CELL
• 影响因子: 64.5
• 作者: Gregory, Ann C.;Zayed, Ahmed A.;Sullivan, Matthew B.
• 通讯作者: Sullivan, Matthew B.