Distribution, Sources, and Air-Sea Fluxes of Short-Lived Organic Compounds During the O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean (ORCAS) Study

O2/N2 比率和 CO2 机载南大洋 (ORCAS) 研究期间短寿命有机化合物的分布、来源和海气通量

• 批准号: 1535364
• 负责人: Elliot Atlas
• 金额: $ 33.76万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1535364&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Distribution; Sources; Air; Sea; Fluxes

A large field campaign is being planned for the Southern Hemisphere summer of 2016 to improve understanding of air-sea exchange processes and the uptake of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vast Southern Ocean. This project includes the measurement of many trace gases to characterize and examine the relationships between biological activity in the ocean, trace gas fluxes, and carbon and oxygen exchanges. The results will be used to test a suite of ocean biogeochemistry models to improve the understanding of key processes and feedbacks in this under sampled yet climatically important region of the world.The O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean (ORCAS) field campaign will include the measurement of a range of short-lived (i.e. reactive) halocarbons and other gases that can have both a regional and even global impact on atmospheric chemistry. For example, emissions of short-lived bromine compounds such as bromoform contribute to the global burden of reactive bromine, which is important in the chemistry of ozone loss in the stratosphere. Other reactive gases, including dimethyl sulfide and various organic iodine gases, are related to aerosol formation processes and heterogeneous chemical processing. Organic nitrate emissions from the surface ocean represent a major fraction of reactive oxidized nitrogen in the Southern Ocean atmosphere. Present knowledge of the atmospheric distributions and fluxes of these reactive species in the region of the Southern Ocean is limited. This research will help to link reactive trace gas exchanges to the basic biogeochemical cycles of carbon and oxygen as well as to detailed remotely sensed ocean properties. The results will help advance the ability to predict reactive trace gas fluxes and improve the understanding of their role in biogeochemical cycles and climate change.

计划在2016年夏季为南半球开展一场大型现场运动，以提高人们对空气交换过程的了解，并在广阔的南大洋中吸收氧气和二氧化碳。该项目包括测量许多痕量气体，以表征和检查海洋中的生物活性，痕量气通量以及碳和氧交换之间的关系。该结果将用于测试一套海洋生物地球化学模型，以提高对世界的采样但最重要的地区的关键过程和反馈的理解。O2/N2比率和CO2 Sirporne Southern Southern（Orcas）田间活动将包括测量一系列短寿命（即反应性）卤代碳和其他可能对大气化学产生区域甚至全球影响的气体。例如，短寿命的溴化合物（例如溴化型）的排放有助于全球反应性溴的负担，这在平流层中臭氧损失的化学中很重要。其他反应性气体，包括二甲基硫化物和各种有机碘气体，与气溶胶形成过程和异质化学加工有关。从地表海洋中的有机硝酸盐排放量代表了南海气氛中反应性氧化的氮的很大一部分。目前了解这些反应性物种在南大洋地区的大气分布和通量的知识是有限的。这项研究将有助于将反应性痕量交换与碳和氧气的基本生物地球化学循环以及详细的远程感知的海洋特性联系起来。结果将有助于提高预测反应性痕量通量并提高其对生物地球化学周期和气候变化的作用的理解。