ELT Collaborative Research: Perturbation of the Marine Food Web and Extinction During the Oceanic Anoxic Event at the Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary

ELT 合作研究：塞诺曼阶/土伦阶边界海洋缺氧事件期间海洋食物网的扰动和灭绝

• 批准号: 1534474
• 负责人: Julio Sepulveda
• 金额: $ 11.62万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1534474&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ELT; Collaborative; Research; Perturbation; Marine

ELT Collaborative Research: Perturbation of the Marine Food Web andExtinction during the Oceanic Anoxic Event at the Cenomanian/TuronianBoundarybyTimothy Bralower, Penn State University, EAR-1338316Bradley Sageman, Northwestern University, EAR-1338312R. Mark Leckie, Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, EAR-1338317Julio Sepulveda, MIT, EAR-1338318ABSTRACTThe expansion of oxygen-deficient waters, known as hypoxia, is occurring seasonally in places such as the Gulf of Mexico as a result of warming and pollution. Hypoxia can affect all marine organisms through the loss of habitat, changes in predator-prey dynamics, and availability of nutrients for primary production. Ocean acidification resulting from the input of anthropogenic CO2 is already impacting the ability of many organisms to grow shells. The geological record contains a series of natural experiments that allow us to address the biological response of the biota to ocean acidification and widespread oxygen deficiency. The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (94 million years ago in the middle of the Cretaceous Period), a time interval marked by mass extinction, was also characterized by global oxygen deficiency and likely ocean acidification. Thus, the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary is an excellent ancient model for the impact of anthropogenic activities on marine ecosystems. A superb opportunity exits to explore the impact of oxygen deficiency and ocean acidification during the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in rock outcrops from the western and southern margins of the US Western Interior Seaway. In Utah, rocks contain original ammonite aragonite as well as remains of large marine reptiles. In Texas, British Petroleum has made available a unique core and exclusive access to outcrop sections. Back-hoeing of rock outcrops will unearth pristine fossil shells suitable for reconstruction of ancient environmental conditions using geological proxies, and coring will provide rocks that can be studied to determine changes that took place over centuries. The insight gained from the CTB can be applied to other intervals of biotic upheaval in Earth history and will help improve projections of the impacts of human activities, including hypoxia and ocean acidification, on modern ecosystems.

ELT 合作研究：塞诺曼阶/土伦阶边界海洋缺氧事件期间海洋食物网的扰动和灭绝作者：Timothy Bralower，宾夕法尼亚州立大学，EAR-1338316Bradley Sageman，西北大学，EAR-1338312R。马克·莱基，大学。马萨诸塞州阿默斯特，EAR-1338317Julio Sepulveda，麻省理工学院，EAR-1338318摘要由于变暖和污染，墨西哥湾等地的缺氧水域（称为缺氧）正在季节性扩张。 缺氧会通过栖息地的丧失、捕食者-猎物动态的变化以及初级生产中营养物质的可用性来影响所有海洋生物。人为二氧化碳输入导致的海洋酸化已经影响了许多生物体生长贝壳的能力。 地质记录包含一系列自然实验，使我们能够解决生物群对海洋酸化和广泛缺氧的生物反应。塞诺曼阶-图伦阶边界（距今 9400 万年前，白垩纪中期）是一个以大规模灭绝为标志的时期，其特征还包括全球缺氧和可能的海洋酸化。 因此，塞诺曼阶-土伦阶边界是人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的一个极好的古代模型。 这是一个绝佳的机会，可以探索美国西部内海航道西部和南部边缘岩石露头中塞诺曼阶-土伦阶边界缺氧和海洋酸化的影响。 在犹他州，岩石中含有原始的菊石文石以及大型海洋爬行动物的遗骸。 在德克萨斯州，英国石油公司提供了独特的核心和独家进入露头部分的通道。 岩石露头的反铲将挖掘出原始的化石贝壳，适合使用地质代理重建古代环境条件，而取芯将提供可研究的岩石，以确定几个世纪以来发生的变化。从 CTB 中获得的见解可以应用于地球历史上其他生物剧变时期，并将有助于改进人类活动（包括缺氧和海洋酸化）对现代生态系统影响的预测。