Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure: Experimental Facility with Large Wave Flume and Directional Wave Basin

自然灾害工程研究基础设施：大型波浪水槽和定向波池实验设施

• 批准号: 1519679
• 负责人: Daniel Cox
• 金额: $ 382.31万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1519679&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Natural; Hazards; Engineering; Research; Infrastructure

The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility that will provide the natural hazards research community with access to research infrastructure that will include earthquake and wind engineering experimental facilities, cyberinfrastructure, computational modeling and simulation tools, and research data, as well as education and community outreach activities. NHERI will be comprised of separate awards for a Network Coordination Office, Cyberinfrastructure, Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, and Experimental Facilities, including a post-disaster, rapid response research facility. Awards made for NHERI will contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program. NHERI continues NSF's emphasis on earthquake engineering research infrastructure previously supported under the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation as part of NEHRP, but now broadens that support to include wind engineering research infrastructure. NHERI has the broad goal of supporting research that will improve the resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure, such as buildings and other structures, underground structures, levees, and critical lifelines, against the natural hazards of earthquakes and windstorms, in order to reduce loss of life, damage, and economic loss. Information about NHERI resources will be available on the DesignSafe-ci.org web portal.NHERI Experimental Facilities will provide access to their experimental resources, user services, and data management infrastructure for NSF-supported research and education awards. This award will support a NHERI Experimental Facility at Oregon State University with two major experimental resources, a large wave flume (LWF) and a directional wave basin (DWB), for conducting fundamental research to understand and reduce risks to civil infrastructure from windstorm surge and tsunami hazards. Hurricanes and other coastal windstorms are extreme hazards with elevated surge and waves, high winds, and intense rains that threaten near-coast structures and critical lifelines. A grand challenge in hurricane research is to understand the overland flow hazard and the subsequent loads and structural responses. Sustainable hurricane hazard mitigation strategies for resilient coastal communities will need to consider transformative natural and nature-based solutions, including the role of beaches, dunes, and coastal vegetation in mitigating coastal hazards. Tsunamis can be triggered by seismic events and landslides. A grand challenge in tsunami inundation research is to increase life safety and community resilience in the event of a near-field tsunami, where evacuation plans must be rapidly executed. Horizontal evacuation strategies must consider the maximum extent of the inundation to improve community planning and the location of critical facilities. Vertical evacuation strategies must consider design of structures to withstand both the strong ground motion of the earthquake followed quickly by the tsunami inundation forces, including debris effects. Sustainable tsunami mitigation strategies must consider the role of the coastal greenbelt, including beaches and dunes, in reducing the hazards of tsunami inundation. Research conducted at this facility could enable breakthrough discoveries that increase community resilience to coastal windstorms and tsunamis and provide new mitigation strategies that will increase system robustness and future adaptation strategies that will improve the rate of the post-disaster recovery. Both the LWF and the DWB can be used for the study of hydraulic-structure-sediment phenomena, such as tsunami and hurricane inundation dynamics in constructed and natural environments; tsunami and hurricane wave forces on near-coast civil infrastructure; and tsunami and hurricane surge interaction with sediments causing erosion and localized scour. The LWF and DWB are capable of generating long-period waves for tsunami research and short-crested waves for hurricane wave research. The LWF is a two-dimensional representation of the coast (looking directly out to sea), eliminating the complexity of longshore currents and wave direction, and allowing a cross-section of test specimens to be studied at a large scale. The LWF can allow geometric scaling from approximately 1:50 scale to model the roughness effects of the constructed and natural environments of a coastal community to 1:1 (prototype) scale to model wave-structure interaction of building subassemblies, native sediments for beaches and dunes, and live coastal vegetation. The DWB increases the system complexity to three dimensions by extending laterally. This is necessary when studying complex harbors and coastal communities, and when wave direction is important. The DWB generally requires a decrease in scale by a factor of five. In addition to these two resources, the facility will provide standard and state-of-the-art instrumentation to assess wave conditions, velocity, and response variables such as stress, strain, load, and sediment transport (scour and erosion). The facility will conduct two workshops for prospective users in year one and annual workshops in each subsequent year, and will host visiting scholars and Research Experiences for Undergraduate students.

自然灾害工程研究基础设施 (NHERI) 将得到美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 的支持，作为一个分布式、多用户国家设施，为自然灾害研究界提供研究基础设施，其中包括地震和风工程实验设施、网络基础设施、计算建模和模拟工具、研究数据以及教育和社区外展活动。 NHERI 将由网络协调办公室、网络基础设施、计算建模和模拟中心以及实验设施（包括灾后快速响应研究设施）的单独奖项组成。为 NHERI 颁发的奖项将有助于 NSF 在国家地震灾害减少计划 (NEHRP) 和国家风暴影响减少计划中发挥作用。 NHERI 继续强调 NSF 对地震工程研究基础设施的重视，此前该基础设施由作为 NEHRP 一部分的 George E. Brown, Jr. 地震工程模拟网络提供支持，但现在扩大了支持范围，将风工程研究基础设施包括在内。 NHERI 的广泛目标是支持研究，以提高民用基础设施（例如建筑物和其他结构、地下结构、堤坝和关键生命线）的抵御能力和可持续性，以抵御地震和风暴的自然灾害，以减少损失生命、损害和经济损失。有关 NHERI 资​​源的信息将在 DesignSafe-ci.org 门户网站上提供。NHERI 实验设施将提供对其实验资源、用户服务和数据管理基础设施的访问，以获得 NSF 支持的研究和教育奖项。该奖项将支持俄勒冈州立大学的 NHERI 实验设施，该设施拥有大型波浪水槽 (LWF) 和定向波盆 (DWB) 这两个主要实验资源，用于开展基础研究，以了解和减少风暴潮和风暴潮对民用基础设施造成的风险。海啸危险。 飓风和其他沿海风暴是极端危险，其浪涌、巨浪、强风和强降雨会威胁近海岸结构和关键生命线。 飓风研究的一个巨大挑战是了解地流灾害以及随后的荷载和结构响应。 沿海社区的可持续飓风灾害缓解策略需要考虑变革性的自然和基于自然的解决方案，包括海滩、沙丘和沿海植被在缓解沿海灾害方面的作用。海啸可能由地震事件和山体滑坡引发。 海啸淹没研究的一个重大挑战是在发生近场海啸时提高生命安全和社区复原力，必须迅速执行疏散计划。 水平疏散策略必须考虑淹没的最大范围，以改善社区规划和关键设施的位置。 垂直疏散策略必须考虑结构设计，以承受地震的强烈地面运动以及随后迅速发生的海啸淹没力，包括碎片效应。可持续的海啸缓解战略必须考虑沿海绿地（包括海滩和沙丘）在减少海啸淹没危害方面的作用。 在该设施进行的研究可以实现突破性的发现，提高社区对沿海风暴和海啸的抵御能力，并提供新的缓解策略，以提高系统的稳健性和未来的适应策略，以提高灾后恢复的速度。 LWF 和 DWB 均可用于研究水工结构沉积现象，例如人工环境和自然环境中的海啸和飓风淹没动力学；海啸和飓风对近海岸民用基础设施的影响；海啸和飓风与沉积物相互作用，造成侵蚀和局部冲刷。 LWF 和 DWB 能够产生用于海啸研究的长周期波和用于飓风波研究的短波峰。 LWF 是海岸的二维表示（直接面向大海），消除了沿岸水流和波浪方向的复杂性，并允许大规模研究测试样本的横截面。 LWF 可以允许从大约 1:50 比例的几何缩放来模拟沿海社区的人工环境和自然环境的粗糙度影响，到 1:1（原型）比例来模拟建筑组件、海滩和原生沉积物的波浪结构相互作用。沙丘和沿海植被。 DWB通过横向扩展将系统复杂性增加到三个维度。 当研究复杂的港口和沿海社区以及波浪方向很重要时，这是必要的。 DWB 通常需要将规模缩小五倍。除了这两种资源之外，该设施还将提供标准和最先进的仪器来评估波浪条件、速度和响应变量，例如应力、应变、载荷和沉积物输送（冲刷和侵蚀）。该设施将在第一年为潜在用户举办两次研讨会，并在随后的每年举办年度研讨会，并将接待访问学者和本科生研究经验。