Doctoral Dissertation Research: A multi-modal account of turn-taking strategies

博士论文研究：轮流策略的多模式说明

• 批准号: 1528539
• 负责人: Lenore Grenoble
• 金额: $ 1.78万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1528539&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; multi; modal

Interactional linguistics reflects a growing trend in linguistics for data and analyses gathered from everyday natural speech. Rather than investigating artificial utterances, linguists today are analyzing how language occurs in real-world situations, complete with all the disfluencies that this entails. A casual observation of any conversation quickly reveals that speakers easily alternate from one to the other with relatively few overlaps or pauses. This indicates an underlying system for determining how these transitions occur. While a great deal of research has been done with English data, there is relatively little that incorporates non-verbal components, which have been shown to have a significant effect on conversation structure. There is even less data from other languages. Even within varieties of English, conversation features can vary enough to cause miscommunication; the lack of research on other languages is problematic.In order to address this lack of data in regards to Russian, this dissertation research project examines the strategies, both verbal and gestural, that speakers of contemporary standard Russian employ in order to negotiate a speaking turn in the course of a conversation. This is accomplished by analyzing both elicited and natural conversations of monolingual native speakers and observing physical sound properties which accompany turn-taking attempts, the syntactic structures employed, and relevant non-verbal behavior including gaze, gestures, including nods, posture shift, and gesticulations in order to answer the question: how do speakers employ syntax, prosody, and gesture to negotiate turn-taking in Russian? While the analysis focuses on the particular mechanisms of exchanging turns, there are a variety of broader applications for the information this project is gathering. As the first multimodal account of Russian conversation structure, the results will help advanced learners of Russian and those members of the diplomatic and national security community who are required to deal extensively with the Russian language or with English-speaking Russians. By identifying the relevant conversation structures and strategies for negotiating turns, this project will help English speakers understand how and when Russians might be using or expecting a different method of navigating conversation. In addition, analyzed data and the publicly available corpus will provide a wealth of new avenues for research, including automated speech generation and pattern recognition. Given the importance of conversation as a unit of interaction and Russian's status as a global language, the potential for other applications are numerous.

互动语言学反映了语言学的增长趋势，用于从日常自然语音中收集的数据和分析。当今的语言学家没有调查人造话语，而是在分析语言如何在现实世界中发生，并带有所有这种造成的反应。 对任何对话的随意观察很快就表明，说话者从一个到另一个对话的人很容易交替，而重叠或停顿相对较少。这表明一个基础系统用于确定这些过渡的发生方式。尽管对英语数据进行了大量研究，但相对较少的纳入非语言组件，这些组件已被证明对对话结构产生了重大影响。来自其他语言的数据甚至更少。即使在各种英语中，对话功能也会有所不同，以引起沟通不畅。缺乏对其他语言的研究是有问题的。为了解决有关俄罗斯的缺乏数据，该论文研究项目研究了言语和手势的策略，即当代俄罗斯当代俄罗斯雇用的发言人，以便在对话过程中谈判说话。这是通过分析单语言母语者的引起和自然对话来实现的，并观察伴随着转弯尝试，所采用的句法结构以及相关的非语言行为以及相关的非语言行为，包括凝视，姿态，包括点头，姿势，姿势，姿势和gentecation：虽然分析侧重于交换转弯的特定机制，但该项目正在收集的信息中有多种更广泛的应用程序。作为俄罗斯对话结构的第一个多模式描述，结果将有助于俄罗斯的高级学习者和外交和国家安全社区的成员，他们需要广泛处理俄罗斯语言或讲英语的俄罗斯人。通过确定相关的对话结构和谈判转弯的策略，该项目将帮助说英语的说话者了解俄罗斯人如何以及何时使用或期望采用另一种导航对话的方法。此外，经过分析的数据和公开可用的语料库将提供许多新的研究途径，包括自动语音生成和模式识别。鉴于对话是互动单位和俄罗斯作为全球语言的地位的重要性，因此其他应用程序的潜力很多。