Doctoral Dissertation Research: A multi-modal account of turn-taking strategies

博士论文研究：轮流策略的多模式说明

• 批准号: 1528539
• 负责人: Lenore Grenoble
• 金额: $ 1.78万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1528539&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; multi; modal

Interactional linguistics reflects a growing trend in linguistics for data and analyses gathered from everyday natural speech. Rather than investigating artificial utterances, linguists today are analyzing how language occurs in real-world situations, complete with all the disfluencies that this entails. A casual observation of any conversation quickly reveals that speakers easily alternate from one to the other with relatively few overlaps or pauses. This indicates an underlying system for determining how these transitions occur. While a great deal of research has been done with English data, there is relatively little that incorporates non-verbal components, which have been shown to have a significant effect on conversation structure. There is even less data from other languages. Even within varieties of English, conversation features can vary enough to cause miscommunication; the lack of research on other languages is problematic.In order to address this lack of data in regards to Russian, this dissertation research project examines the strategies, both verbal and gestural, that speakers of contemporary standard Russian employ in order to negotiate a speaking turn in the course of a conversation. This is accomplished by analyzing both elicited and natural conversations of monolingual native speakers and observing physical sound properties which accompany turn-taking attempts, the syntactic structures employed, and relevant non-verbal behavior including gaze, gestures, including nods, posture shift, and gesticulations in order to answer the question: how do speakers employ syntax, prosody, and gesture to negotiate turn-taking in Russian? While the analysis focuses on the particular mechanisms of exchanging turns, there are a variety of broader applications for the information this project is gathering. As the first multimodal account of Russian conversation structure, the results will help advanced learners of Russian and those members of the diplomatic and national security community who are required to deal extensively with the Russian language or with English-speaking Russians. By identifying the relevant conversation structures and strategies for negotiating turns, this project will help English speakers understand how and when Russians might be using or expecting a different method of navigating conversation. In addition, analyzed data and the publicly available corpus will provide a wealth of new avenues for research, including automated speech generation and pattern recognition. Given the importance of conversation as a unit of interaction and Russian's status as a global language, the potential for other applications are numerous.

交互语言学反映了从日常自然言语中收集数据和分析的语言学日益增长的趋势。如今，语言学家不再研究人工话语，而是分析语言在现实世界中如何发生，以及由此带来的所有不流畅。 对任何对话的随意观察很快就会发现，说话者很容易从一个人切换到另一个人，而重叠或停顿相对较少。这表明有一个用于确定这些转换如何发生的底层系统。虽然对英语数据进行了大量研究，但纳入非语言成分的研究相对较少，而事实证明，非语言成分对对话结构有显着影响。其他语言的数据就更少了。即使在不同的英语中，对话特征也可能存在很大差异，从而导致沟通不畅。缺乏对其他语言的研究是一个问题。为了解决俄语方面数据缺乏的问题，本论文研究项目研究了当代标准俄语使用者为了谈判对话而采用的言语和手势策略在谈话的过程中。这是通过分析单语母语者的引出对话和自然对话，并观察轮流尝试所伴随的物理声音特性、所使用的句法结构以及相关的非语言行为（包括凝视、手势（包括点头、姿势转变和手势））来实现的。为了回答这个问题：说话者如何使用句法、韵律和手势来协商俄语的轮流对话？虽然分析的重点是交换轮次的特定机制，但该项目正在收集的信息有各种更广泛的应用。作为俄语会话结构的第一个多模态说明，研究结果将帮助高级俄语学习者以及需要广泛使用俄语或讲英语的俄罗斯人打交道的外交和国家安全界成员。通过确定相关的对话结构和谈判回合策略，该项目将帮助说英语的人了解俄罗斯人可能如何以及何时使用或期待不同的对话方法。此外，分析数据和公开可用的语料库将为研究提供丰富的新途径，包括自动语音生成和模式识别。鉴于对话作为互动单位的重要性以及俄语作为全球语言的地位，其他应用的潜力是巨大的。