Collaborative Proposal: Ecophysiological Instruments for Measuring Biotic Climate Impacts Across Western Field Stations

合作提案：用于测量西部野外站生物气候影响的生态生理仪器

• 批准号: 1522553
• 负责人: Amy Whipple
• 金额: $ 34.58万
• 依托单位: Northern Arizona University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1522553&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Ecophysiological; Instruments; Measuring

Climate change has widespread regional impacts on diverse biotic systems but most field stations are not yet instrumented with automated data collection systems that would allow integrated measurements of ecophysiology of plants and vertebrates at micro-climate scales needed for detailed studies of physiology, ecology, behavior, evolution and ecosystems, both locally and across large regions. The central hypothesis motivating this instrument investment is that the risk of extinction of organisms due to climate change arises from: a) the direct effects of climate, acting via evolved physiological adaptations that exacerbate extinction risk, and b) the cascading effects of climate change impacts on plant diversity and habitats. These data, together with research that uses them, will allow us to forecast future climate impacts on biotic systems, and to eventually assess historical impacts of climate in and around each of the field stations. The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts (ISEECI) organizes diverse scientists across the UC System and are integrating these studies with the scientists using Northern Arizona University's Southwest Experimental Garden Array (SEGA). This array of ecophysiological plant and animal sensors will ensure cross-site consistency and comparability at a sufficiently large spatial scale to address regional impacts of climate on coastal, central valley, montane and desert ecosystems of the Southwest. This new sensor network will instrument 12 sites in the California and 8 sites in Northern Arizona with data loggers and sensors designed to measure environmental parameters relevant to a wide range of animal and plant species. Selected conifers and coastal redwoods will be monitored for sap flow and soil temperature and moisture, and more open grassland/forb and shrub communities with soil temperature and moisture sensors as well as surface temperature at biologically salient heights to complement the existing system of upgraded weather stations already present at NRS and SEGA sites. Temperature sensors will collect similar data on environmental temperatures of endothermic and ectothermic animal taxa, and install phenocams to record phenological changes in trees driven by climate change. The system can be upgraded with new sensors, is expandable with respect to the kinds of data we gather and biotic systems we can instrument, and will be very adaptable for future research. The instruments will capture salient measurements of temperature and drought impacts on terrestrial systems that will allow a unified analysis of ecosystem functioning in the face of changing climate, adding scientific value to each individual field station with a more in-depth biotic record of historical change, and also across the system of field stations enhancing collaboration across the west coast and southwest region of the US. Sensor data will be available immediately online to all ISEECI and SEGA scientists groups, and once fully operational to other researchers. Integration with education and public outreach will give hundreds of students critical messages about climate change and using science to help mitigate its impacts. NAU and the UC system provide graduate and undergraduate students with many experiential learning opportunities in environmental sciences, and detailed, long-term data will supplement and contextualize classwork and research projects. UC and NAU actively work to enhance student diversity: NAU has particular expertise in reaching Native American students, while the Hispanic representation at universities in both states is increasing and being actively incorporated into campus programs and labs.

气候变化对各种生物系统产生了广泛的影响，但大多数野外站尚未使用自动数据收集系统进行仪器，这些系统将允许对植物和脊椎动物的生态生理学进行集成测量，以详细的研究，用于生态学，行为，行为，进化和生态系统（包括本地和整个区域）所需的微气候尺度。促使这种仪器投资的中心假设是，由于气候变化引起的生物灭绝的风险源自：a）气候的直接影响，通过进化的生理适应性作用，加剧了灭绝风险，b）气候变化对植物多样性和栖息地的影响。这些数据以及使用它们的研究将使我们能够预测未来的气候对生物系统的影响，并最终评估每个现场站内及其周围气候的历史影响。生态和进化气候影响研究所（ISEECI）在UC系统中组织了多元化的科学家，并将这些研究与科学家相结合，使用北亚利桑那大学的西南实验花园阵列（SEGA）。这类生态生理植物和动物传感器将确保在足够大的空间尺度上确保跨站点的一致性和可比性，以解决气候对西南沿海，中部山谷，蒙塔尼和沙漠生态系统的区域影响。这个新的传感器网络将在加利福尼亚州的12个地点和亚利桑那州北部的8个地点进行启动，并具有旨在测量与各种动物和植物物种相关的环境参数的数据记录仪和传感器。选定的针叶树和沿海红木将受到SAP流量，土壤温度和水分的监测，以及具有土壤温度和水分传感器的更多开放草地/福布和灌木社区，以及在生物学上显着的高度处的表面温度，以补充NRS和SEGA站点现有的现有升级的天气站系统。温度传感器将收集有关吸热和热热动物分类单元的环境温度的类似数据，并安装苯可剂以记录由气候变化驱动的树木的物候变化。该系统可以通过新传感器升级，就我们收集的数据和我们可以仪器的生物系统而言，可以扩展，并且非常适合将来的研究。这些仪器将捕获温度和干旱对陆地系统的显着测量，这将允许面对气候变化的生态系统功能进行统一的分析，从而为每个现场站增加了科学价值，并具有更深入的历史变化记录，并在整个西海岸和西南地区的实地站协作系统中更深入的生物记录。传感器数据将立即在所有ISEECI和SEGA科学家组中在线提供，并曾经向其他研究人员全面运作。与教育和公共宣传的融合将为数百名学生提供有关气候变化的关键信息，并利用科学来帮助减轻其影响。 NAU和UC系统为毕业生和本科生提供了环境科学领域的许多体验学习机会，详细的，长期的数据将补充和背景化课堂和研究项目。 UC和NAU积极努力增强学生的多样性：NAU在吸引美洲原住民的学生方面具有特别的专业知识，而两国大学的西班牙裔代表正在增加并积极地纳入校园计划和实验室。