UNS: Collaborative Research: Measurement and Modeling of the Pathways of Potential Fugitive Methane Emissions During Hydrofracking

UNS：合作研究：水力压裂过程中潜在逃逸甲烷排放路径的测量和建模

• 批准号: 1509297
• 负责人: Jaclyn Matthes
• 金额: $ 15.36万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1509297&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: UNS; Collaborative; Research; Measurement; Modeling

1508994(Bohrer) & 1509297(Matthes)Production of natural gas from deep subsurface shale formations in the US has increased considerably in the last decade due to the advancement in drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology. In 2010, shale gas accounted for 23% of annual dry natural gas supply in the US, with projections that this capacity will increase to 48% by 2035. There are large economic advantages of shale gas development, including reliance on domestic production due to the abundance of natural gas in the US and the improved air quality when using natural gas compared with the combustion of gas and coal. This project will examine fugitive emissions, those not controlled in the production well, in a life cycle analyses of the greenhouse gas footprint that include the hydrofracking extraction and production processes.The development of shale gas resources in the United States is predicted to grow steadily over the next twenty years, however there is large uncertainty surrounding the quantity and mechanisms of fugitive methane emissions released to the atmosphere from these activities. The large range among methane measurements from different hydrofracking sites suggests that fugitive emissions may be largely preventable and are dependent on the practices of the drill and well operators. This project will provide a much needed and timely set of baseline and fugitive methane emission measurements before and during hydrofracking operations that will quantify and identify the sources of methane emissions released during different components of the drilling and gas extraction operations process. This will fill a critical knowledge gap that will inform the development of effective management strategies and operations practices to minimize methane emissions and improve the overall greenhouse gas benefits of natural gas. This project will: (1) Quantify baseline and fugitive methane emissions during hydrofracking by collecting continuous landscape-scale methane flux measurements; (2) Identify biological and geological sources of methane emissions by measuring continuous atmospheric fluxes of 13C isotopes in methane; (3) Attribute measured methane fluxes to different components of the hydrofracking process by using a footprint model and advanced large eddy simulations to isolate flux sources in space and time. This project will leverage ongoing collaboration with the Ohio State University Shale Energy and Environment Field Laboratory (SEEL), which will provide the site access to drilling operations and information about the management practices and operations timeline will be provided through the SEEL partnership with the drill and well operators. The PIs will partner with the Ohio State University (OSU) Extension Office to develop online and print resources and forums for the general public describing the effects of shale gas development on local and regional air and water quality. They will also work with OSU Extension to transfer results from this project to hydrofracking practitioners who could use information regarding drill pad management practices to effectively reduce fugitive methane emissions. The PIs will share the developed products with West Virginia University and Extension, with whom they extensively collaborate on shale gas development issues. Furthermore, they will leverage existing outreach relationships with the Ohio Water Resources Center to present the work related to this project at a water luncheon organized with the Water Management Association of Ohio, and at a separate seminar to state agency representatives. A graduate student will be trained in observation and modeling methods for methane fluxes during this project. This project will also train undergraduate students from the Dartmouth Women in Science Program in fieldwork and data analyses to develop honors theses from this research.

1508994(Bohrer) 和 1509297(Matthes) 由于钻井和水力压裂技术的进步，美国深层地下页岩地层的天然气产量在过去十年中大幅增加。 2010年，页岩气占美国干天然气年供应量的23%，预计到2035年这一容量将增至48%。页岩气开发具有巨大的经济优势，包括由于对国内生产的依赖，美国天然气丰富，与燃烧天然气和煤炭相比，使用天然气可以改善空气质量。该项目将在温室气体足迹的生命周期分析（包括水力压裂开采和生产过程）中检查无组织排放，即生产井中未控制的排放。预计美国页岩气资源的开发将在未来几年稳步增长。然而，在接下来的二十年中，这些活动向大气中释放的逸散性甲烷排放的数量和机制存在很大的不确定性。不同水力压裂现场的甲烷测量值差异很大，表明无组织排放在很大程度上是可以预防的，并且取决于钻井和油井操作人员的做法。该项目将在水力压裂作业之前和期间提供急需的一套及时的基线和逃逸甲烷排放测量数据，以量化和识别钻井和天然气开采作业过程不同部分期间释放的甲烷排放源。这将填补一个关键的知识空白，为制定有效的管理战略和运营实践提供信息，以最大限度地减少甲烷排放并提高天然气的整体温室气体效益。该项目将：（1）通过收集连续的景观规模甲烷通量测量值来量化水力压裂过程中的基线和逃逸甲烷排放； (2) 通过测量甲烷中 13C 同位素的连续大气通量来识别甲烷排放的生物和地质来源； (3) 通过使用足迹模型和先进的大涡模拟在空间和时间上隔离通量源，将测量的甲烷通量归因于水力压裂过程的不同组成部分。该项目将利用与俄亥俄州立大学页岩能源和环境现场实验室 (SEEL) 的持续合作，该实验室将提供钻井作业现场访问权限，并通过 SEEL 与钻井和环境实验室的合作关系提供有关管理实践和作业时间表的信息。井操作员。 PI 将与俄亥俄州立大学 (OSU) 推广办公室合作，为公众开发在线和印刷资源和论坛，描述页岩气开发对当地和区域空气和水质的影响。他们还将与 OSU Extension 合作，将该项目的成果转让给水力压裂从业人员，他们可以利用有关钻台管理实践的信息来有效减少逃逸甲烷排放。 PI 将与西弗吉尼亚大学和推广部门分享开发的产品，他们在页岩气开发问题上进行了广泛的合作。此外，他们将利用与俄亥俄州水资源中心现有的外展关系，在与俄亥俄州水资源管理协会组织的水午餐会上以及向州机构代表举办的单独研讨会上介绍与该项目相关的工作。在该项目期间，一名研究生将接受甲烷通量观测和建模方法的培训。该项目还将培训达特茅斯科学女性项目的本科生进行实地考察和数据分析，以根据这项研究撰写荣誉论文。