Realizing Exotic Quantum States with Cold Atoms

用冷原子实现奇异的量子态

• 批准号: 1508300
• 负责人: Erich Mueller
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1508300&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Realizing; Exotic; Quantum; States; Cold

Simple rules can lead to complicated behavior. This maxim is particularly true in quantum mechanics, the theory describing microscopic objects such as atoms. Tools of theoretical physics will be used to determine how such exotic behavior emerges in ultracold atomic gases. While these studies may potentially lead to novel applications in areas such as quantum computing, metrology, or materials science, the direct goal of this set of projects is to test fundamental concepts about emergent physics in quantum systems. There are three disconnected lines of research. First, when atoms are confined to tight tubes they behave differently than atoms which are free to move in three dimensions. The cross-over between this exotic one-dimensional state and more conventional three-dimensional physics will be studied. Second, an exotic state was recently discovered in electronic systems. Dubbed "topological insulators," these materials have insulating bulks, but conducting surface modes. Moreover the surface modes behave in unconventional ways. The cold atom analogs of these systems will be studied. Finally, the cold atom analogs of electron systems with magnetic impurities will be studied. Metals with magnetic impurities display a number of important phenomena, some of which are not completely understood. The goal is to produce a controlled system for testing various theoretical ideas.This project has three research directions which will advance understanding of cold atoms, and many-body physics. These are chosen to dovetail with recent experimental and theoretical development. The first research direction will involve the dimensional crossover between 1D and 3D in a superfluid partially polarized Fermi gas. The 1D system displays a fluctuating version of the FFLO state. There is hope that true long-range FFLO order can be stabilized for intermediate confinement. The PI will use the inhomogeneous Bogoliubov-de-Gennes equations to study this crossover. The second research direction will involve lattice defects in an artificial atomic Chern insulator. There is a potentially transformitive conjecture that such defects are related to the fractional quantum Hall effect. Much of this physics can be revealed by numerical studies of the single-particle Schrodinger equation. Even if the conjecture is incorrect, the study will teach us about these defects, which are important in solid state systems. The third research project will involve attempts to see Kondo physics in cold atoms. By studying this problem in cold atoms, the goal is to obtain a more direct insight into this exotic physics. Greens function techniques will be used for this latter project.

简单的规则可能导致复杂的行为。 这一格言在量子力学中尤其正确，量子力学是描述原子等微观物体的理论。 理论物理学工具将用于确定超冷原子气体中如何出现这种奇异行为。 虽然这些研究可能会在量子计算、计量学或材料科学等领域带来新的应用，但这组项目的直接目标是测试量子系统中新兴物理的基本概念。存在三个互不相关的研究方向。首先，当原子被限制在紧密的管子中时，它们的行为与在三维空间中自由移动的原子不同。我们将研究这种奇特的一维状态和更传统的三维物理之间的交叉。其次，最近在电子系统中发现了一种奇异状态。 这些材料被称为“拓扑绝缘体”，具有绝缘体，但具有导电表面模式。 此外，表面模式的行为方式非常规。 将研究这些系统的冷原子类似物。最后，将研究具有磁性杂质的电子系统的冷原子模拟。 含有磁性杂质的金属表现出许多重要的现象，其中一些尚未完全了解。 目标是生产一个用于测试各种理论思想的受控系统。该项目有三个研究方向，将增进对冷原子和多体物理学的理解。 选择这些是为了与最近的实验和理论发展相吻合。 第一个研究方向将涉及超流体部分极化费米气体中 1D 和 3D 之间的维度交叉。 一维系统显示 FFLO 状态的波动版本。 对于中间限制，真正的远程 FFLO 秩序有望稳定下来。 PI 将使用非齐次 Bogoliubov-de-Gennes 方程来研究这种交叉。 第二个研究方向将涉及人造原子陈绝缘体中的晶格缺陷。 有一个潜在的变革性猜想认为，此类缺陷与分数量子霍尔效应有关。 这种物理现象的大部分可以通过单粒子薛定谔方程的数值研究来揭示。 即使猜想是错误的，这项研究也会让我们了解这些缺陷，这些缺陷在固态系统中很重要。 第三个研究项目将尝试在冷原子中观察近藤物理学。通过在冷原子中研究这个问题，目标是更直接地了解这种奇异的物理现象。 格林函数技术将用于后一个项目。