Collaborative Proposal: High Efficiency Tandem Perovskite/CIS Solar Cell

合作提案：高效串联钙钛矿/CIS太阳能电池

• 批准号: 1507291
• 负责人: Vikram Dalal
• 金额: $ 19万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1507291&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Efficiency; Tandem; Perovskite

Abstract:Non-technical:Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is an important technology for generating low-cost electricity to replace coal-generated power. It is also very important for providing electricity to half of the people in the world who currently lack grid-connected power. For economical generation of PV power, efficiency of solar cells is a very important consideration, since area-related costs such as encapsulation, wiring and structure decrease proportionately as the efficiency of the cell increases. A very recent development in this field has been the discovery that a new thin film material, hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide based perovskites, can be used to generate PV power with a conversion efficiency of ~20%. This new material has a larger bandgap than commonly used thin film materials such as copper-indium-gallium selenide (CIGS), and therefore, can be used as a higher bandgap first cell in a monolithic tandem solar cell arrangement with CIGS. Calculations predict that such a series-connected tandem cell structures can increase the efficiency of thin film CIGS solar cells to 30% from the current value of 20%, a 50% increase. This proposal is aimed towards fundamental material and device research to achieve such high efficiency tandem cell structures. It is hoped that such a structure will lead to further developments which result in a significant decrease in the cost of solar-electric power. A graduate student will participate in this project and new teaching materials will be incorporated into courses dealing with solar energy conversion.Technical:The proposal is focused on designing and fabricating a monolithic tandem cell structure with a high gap perovskite cell deposited on top of a high efficiency CIGS cell. The two cells are connected using novel tunnel junctions. Several new materials, processes and device structures need to be developed for the concept to work. Among these are:-A perovskite material with a bandgap in the 1.7-1.8 eV range as opposed to the current 1.57 eV material. The higher bandgap is needed to make efficient tandem cells with a CIGS bottom cell. We will develop efficient Pb(I-Br) perovskites to increase the bandgap.-A perovskite material which is physically stable at higher temperatures so that transparent contacts can be deposited on the device to allow light to be incident form the top of the cell. We will use novel organic precursors such as formamidinium iodide and urea hydroiodide to achieve thermally stable perovskites.-A new vacuum process for depositing perovskites at higher temperatures which avoids the instability of the solution growth process.-The use of inorganic heterojunction layers for electron and hole extraction , thus avoiding unstable organic heterojunction layers.-ITO/ZnO tunnel junctions to connect the two cells.-Innovative CIGS cells in1.1 to1.15 eV range with high efficiency achieved by using bandgap grading strategies along with larger grain growth and deliberate Na or K doping.The project includes comprehensive material and device analysis tasks so as to understand the physics of the device.

摘要：非技术：太阳能光伏（PV）能量转换是产生低成本电力以替代燃煤发电的重要技术。为目前缺乏网格连接的世界的一半人提供电力也非常重要。对于经济生成的PV功率，太阳能电池的效率是一个非常重要的考虑因素，因为随着电池效率的提高，诸如封装，接线和结构之类的面积相关成本会按比例降低。在该领域的最新发展是，发现一种新的薄膜材料，即基于卤化物的混合有机金属卤化物钙钛矿，可用于生成以〜20％的转化效率来产生PV功率。这种新材料的带隙比常用的薄膜材料（例如铜 - 印度硒化铜（CIGS））更大，因此可以用作具有CIGS的单片串联太阳能电池的较高带隙第一键。计算预测，这种串联的串联电池结构可以将薄膜CIGS太阳能电池的效率提高到30％的效率，从而增加20％，增加50％。该建议旨在实现基本材料和设备研究，以实现如此高效率的串联细胞结构。希望这样的结构将导致进一步的发展，从而导致太阳能电力成本显着降低。研究生将参加该项目，新的教材将被纳入与太阳能转换有关的课程中。技术：该提案专注于设计和制造单层串联细胞结构，并具有高间隙钙钛矿细胞，该结构高含量高间隙perovskite细胞。效率CIGS电池。这两个细胞使用新型隧道连接连接。需要开发几种新材料，过程和设备结构才能使该概念起作用。其中包括：-a钙钛矿材料，带有带隙在1.7-1.8 eV范围内，而不是当前的1.57 eV材料。需要较高的带隙，以使有效的串联细胞使用CIGS底部细胞。我们将开发有效的Pb（I-BR）钙钛矿，以增加带隙。-A钙钛矿材料在较高的温度下物理稳定，以便可以在设备上沉积透明的接触，以使光线构成细胞顶部。我们将使用新颖的有机前体，例如碘化甲胺和尿素氢碘化物来实现热稳定的钙钛矿。-一种新的真空过程，用于在较高的温度下沉积钙钛矿，以避免溶液生长过程的不稳定性。孔提取，从而避免了不稳定的有机异质结层。-Ito/ZnO隧道连接连接两个单元的连接。1.1TO1.15 eV范围内，通过使用Bandgap分级策略以及较大的晶粒生长和故意的晶粒级别，以高效率达到高效率NA或K掺杂。该项目包括全面的材料和设备分析任务，以了解设备的物理。