Collaborative Research: Exhumation History of the Indian Lesser Himalaya: Discriminating Tectonic Models with Implications for the Neogene Isotopic Composition of Seawater
合作研究:印度小喜马拉雅山的发掘历史:区分构造模型及其对新近纪海水同位素组成的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:1450976
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 36.18万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2015
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2015-05-01 至 2018-04-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The uplift of the Himalayan Mountains due to collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates is the textbook example of continental collision in plate tectonics. The effect that uplift of this orogenic belt has had on the Earth surface system processes and lithospheric dynamics has been dramatic and far-reaching. This project will use an integrative multidisciplinary approach to better understand timing and sequence of thrust fault deformation and exhumation of crustal rocks in the 'outer' Himalayan zone of the Lesser Himalaya of India. The research will greatly improve our understanding of compression-driven crustal deformation processes associated with mountain building. These results will provide a means to critically evaluate the potential relationship between monsoon intensity and thrust fault propagation, as well as document the importance of Himalayan uplift and exhumation and chemical weathering on ocean chemistry. The isotopic seawater record of the ratios of osmium (187Os/188Os) as recorded in sedimentary rocks has been used as a proxy for global chemical weathering, and the results of this study will provide data with profound influences on future global oceanographic and climate models. In addition to the scientific objectives of this study, potential benefits to society and national interests include providing support for an early career researcher at a major research institution; graduate and undergraduate student training in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) discipline; with international collaboration of a U.S. graduate student and post-doctoral researcher with Indian scientists; education and outreach activities aimed at U.S. and Indian K-12 equivalent students; and development of web-based informational contributions for the general public. The project will promote broadening of participation of underrepresented groups in science, and the results of the work will dissemination of research results through professional science presentations, the peer-reviewed scientific literature, and incorporation of research results in into publicly accessible community databases. The project involves a high-resolution geo/thermochronometric investigation of bedrock and foreland basin deposits of the Himalayan frontal system in north India to constrain exhumation timing for distinct zones in the Lesser Himalaya. This work will focus on a series of strike-perpendicular transects across major thrust sheets for (Uranium-Thorium)/Helium dating of zircon and apatite, coupled with detailed facies analysis and provenance studies via zircon Uranium-Lead-Helium (U-Pb-He) double dating of foreland basin deposits. Contrasting models have been proposed for the sequence of thrust propagation of Lesser Himalayan blocks, notably the time of exhumation and structural affinities of the 'outer' Lesser Himalayan zone. These models postulate structural emplacement ages for the 'outer' Lesser Himalayan zone that range from the late Eocene to less than about 14 million years ago--a potential 14 to 30 million-year discrepancy. However, recent studies of foreland basin provenance data suggested the 'outer' Lesser Himalayan zone was likely exhumed at approximately 16 Ma, which corresponds with a noted increase in monsoon intensity. The weathering of 'outer' Lesser Himalayan zone rocks enriched in radiogenic 187Os has been tied to a pronounced increase in Neogene seawater 187Os/188Os at 16 million years ago. Our comprehensive study will constrain the sequence of thrust propagation and exhumation timing of the 'outer' Lesser Himalayan zone, allowing us to: 1) differentiate between contrasting kinematic models for Himalayan thrust belt evolution, and 2) test the hypothesis that exhumation and weathering of distinct Himalayan tectonic zones was the principal driver of secular changes in Neogene seawater chemistry. Preliminary (U-Th)/He geochronologic data offers intriguing support for the hypotheses of a direct link between Himalayan weathering and seawater chemistry.This award is co-funded by NSF's International Science and Engineering Section.
印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞导致喜马拉雅山脉隆起,是板块构造学中大陆碰撞的教科书例子。该造山带的隆升对地球表面系统过程和岩石圈动力学的影响是巨大而深远的。该项目将采用综合多学科方法,更好地了解印度小喜马拉雅山“外”喜马拉雅带逆冲断层变形和地壳岩石折返的时间和顺序。这项研究将极大地提高我们对与造山相关的压缩驱动的地壳变形过程的理解。这些结果将提供一种方法来批判性地评估季风强度和逆冲断层传播之间的潜在关系,并记录喜马拉雅隆起和折返以及化学风化对海洋化学的重要性。沉积岩中记录的锇比值(187Os/188Os)的同位素海水记录已被用作全球化学风化的代理,这项研究的结果将为未来的全球海洋学和气候模型提供具有深远影响的数据。除了这项研究的科学目标外,对社会和国家利益的潜在好处还包括为主要研究机构的早期职业研究员提供支持;科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 学科的研究生和本科生培训;一名美国研究生和博士后研究员与印度科学家的国际合作;针对美国和印度 K-12 同等学生的教育和外展活动;为公众提供基于网络的信息贡献。该项目将促进扩大代表性不足群体对科学的参与,其工作成果将通过专业科学演示、同行评审的科学文献以及将研究成果纳入可公开访问的社区数据库来传播研究成果。该项目涉及对印度北部喜马拉雅锋锋系统的基岩和前陆盆地沉积物进行高分辨率地质/热测时调查,以限制小喜马拉雅地区不同区域的折返时间。这项工作将重点关注一系列横跨主要冲断层的走向垂直横断面,用于锆石和磷灰石的(铀-钍)/氦定年,并通过锆石铀-铅-氦(U-Pb-他)前陆盆地沉积物的双重测年。已经针对小喜马拉雅地块的逆冲传播序列提出了对比模型,特别是“外部”小喜马拉雅带的折返时间和结构亲和力。这些模型假定“外部”小喜马拉雅地区的结构就位年龄从始新世晚期到不到 1400 万年前,可能存在 14 至 3000 万年的差异。然而,最近对前陆盆地起源数据的研究表明,“外部”小喜马拉雅带可能在大约 16 Ma 时被挖掘出来,这与季风强度的显着增加相对应。富含放射性 187Os 的“外部”小喜马拉雅带岩石的风化与 1600 万年前新近纪海水 187Os/188Os 的显着增加有关。我们的综合研究将限制小喜马拉雅带“外部”冲断传播和折返时间的顺序,使我们能够:1)区分喜马拉雅冲断带演化的对比运动学模型,2)检验小喜马拉雅冲断带折返和风化的假设独特的喜马拉雅构造带是新近纪海水化学长期变化的主要驱动力。初步 (U-Th)/He 地质年代学数据为喜马拉雅风化与海水化学之间存在直接联系的假设提供了有趣的支持。该奖项由 NSF 国际科学与工程部门共同资助。
项目成果
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