Investigating the Small-Scale Vertical and Horizontal Variability of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Aerosol using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

使用无人机研究大气边界层气溶胶的小范围垂直和水平变化

• 批准号: 218345998
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jens Bange
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsstelle Potsdam
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/218345998?language=en
• 关键词: Investigating; Small; Scale; Vertical; Horizontal

The aim of the proposed project is the in situ investigation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosol particles in the polar atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Small-scale atmospheric processes and the variability of aerosol particles are investigated using an in situ approach by unmanned aerial systems (UAS). They expand the capabilities for aerosol investigation and fill the gap between continuous ground-based observations and extensive aircraft measurements. This project will use three UAS simultaneously. A miniature aerosol measurement system, detecting the number concentration in eight particle size ranges, has been developed and characterized for the new UAS ALADINA in the framework of the DFG funded project LA 2907/5-1, BA 1988/14-1, WI 1449/22-1. Of special importance is the deployment of two condensation particle counters with different detection threshold, adjustable for diameters between 5 and 20 nm, for identification of very small, recently formed particles. The two other UAS of type MASC have been equipped for measurements of the turbulent thermodynamic properties of the ABL (e.g. turbulent fluxes) on horizontal flights and vertical profiles, and additionally for measuring larger particle number concentration. Different flight pattern of the three UAS simultaneously provide a 3D picture of atmospheric parameters and the aerosol distribution. The deployment of the measurement systems during the preceding projects allowed the characterization of aerosol variability and especially the vertical dynamics of new particle formation at a rural, continental site (Melpitz, Germany). It was shown that new particle formation starts typically at the top of the ABL, and particles are transported downwards by subsequent convective mixing, where they can be observed with ground-based sensors.The well-established systems will now be used to determine the aerosol variability in the polar ABL (Ny-Alesund, Svalbard), with the background of continuous ground-based in situ and remote sensing observations at ground level and at the Zeppelin observatory (470 m). Of special interest is the transition of aerosol properties from rather large, aged aerosol particles in spring (Arctic haze) to presumably small, locally formed particles in summer. The small-scale highly variable orography modifies the distribution of aerosol, and local effects like special wind systems (along the fjord) occur. The observed data of particle nucleation are further used for numerical studies to improve the understanding of the particle nucleation in polar regions.

该项目的目的是对极地大气边界层（ABL）中气溶胶颗粒的垂直和水平分布进行现场调查。通过无人机系统 (UAS) 采用原位方法研究小规模大气过程和气溶胶颗粒的变化。它们扩展了气溶胶研究的能力，并填补了连续地面观测和广泛的飞机测量之间的空白。该项目将同时使用三架无人机。在 DFG 资助的项目 LA 2907/5-1、BA 1988/14-1、WI 1449 的框架内，为新型 UAS ALADINA 开发了一种微型气溶胶测量系统，可检测八种颗粒尺寸范围内的数量浓度。 /22-1。特别重要的是部署两个具有不同检测阈值的凝结粒子计数器，可调节直径在 5 至 20 nm 之间，用于识别非常小的、最近形成的粒子。另外两台 MASC 型无人机已配备用于测量水平飞行和垂直剖面上 ABL 的湍流热力学特性（例如湍流通量），此外还用于测量较大的颗粒数浓度。三架无人机的不同飞行模式同时提供大气参数和气溶胶分布的3D图像。在之前的项目中部署测量系统可以表征气溶胶的变异性，特别是在乡村、大陆地点（德国梅尔皮茨）新颗粒形成的垂直动态。结果表明，新颗粒的形成通常从 ABL 的顶部开始，颗粒通过随后的对流混合向下输送，在那里可以用地面传感器观察到它们。现在将使用完善的系统来确定气溶胶极地 ABL（尼-奥勒松、斯瓦尔巴群岛）的变化，以地面和 Zeppelin 天文台（470 m）连续地基原位和遥感观测为背景。特别令人感兴趣的是气溶胶性质的转变，从春季相当大的老化气溶胶颗粒（北极薄雾）到夏季可能较小的局部形成的颗粒。小规模高度变化的地形改变了气溶胶的分布，并且发生了诸如特殊风系统（沿着峡湾）的局部效应。观察到的粒子成核数据进一步用于数值研究，以提高对极地区域粒子成核的理解。