RSB/Collaborative Research: A Risk-Informed Decision Framework to Achieve Resilient and Sustainable Buildings that Meet Community Objectives

RSB/合作研究：基于风险的决策框架，以实现满足社区目标的弹性和可持续建筑

• 批准号: 1452725
• 负责人: John van de Lindt
• 金额: $ 76万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-15 至 2019-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1452725&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RSB; Collaborative; Research; Risk; Informed

Strong winds, such as those produced by tornadoes and hurricanes, have resulted in billions of dollars in damage annually and continue to threaten the safety of building occupants. Much of the United States that is susceptible to these hazards also has expansive soils, where slab-on-grade construction is commonplace. A new type of modular residential building system, consisting of precast concrete elements combined with light-frame wood sub-systems, including a basement, will be investigated to achieve the following objectives: (1) provide life safety for occupants by enabling them to shelter in the basement, (2) utilize recycled sustainable backfill that will improve sustainability while decreasing the chance of expansive soil damage to the above-grade portion of the building, and (3) decrease the risk of tornado and hurricane wind damage by providing a stiffer and stronger living area through the addition of precast concrete elements. The building design will be optimized by considering how a building should be designed to contribute to community resilience while maintaining a prescribed level of sustainability and keeping homeownership costs at a reasonable level. While an integrated building system of precast concrete and light-frame wood components is not the norm in the current construction market, it represents an opportunity to investigate a new type of system that may reduce the cost of single and multi-family home ownership during the life-span of the building and, at the same time, improve the quality of life from a community perspective. In this research, the attributes that make a community resilient will be de-aggregated to the building level to facilitate development of the soil-foundation-structure-building envelope system through a process that seeks to optimize building performance with respect to resilience and sustainability goals. The resulting building performance criteria will take into consideration common construction practices, while balancing community preferences with individual-level risk perceptions. The optimization will involve multiple objectives and constraints associated with specified resilience and sustainability attributes. The research hypotheses are that it is possible to develop risk-informed performance criteria for individual resilient and sustainable buildings exposed to a spectrum of natural hazards that can be matched to community goals, that building attributes can be identified and parameterized to support this general risk-informed decision framework, and that the risk-informed decision framework supporting these performance criteria for individual buildings will enable enhanced community resilience and sustainability by targeting public and private investments to manage life-cycle costs. This research will enable the following outcomes: (1) development of a decision framework that allows community resilience goals to be reflected in the design of complete building systems through de-aggregation of identified community attributes, (2) ability to relate building performance criteria to influencing factors at the community level and integration of sustainability metrics and risk perceptions of decision makers, (3) creation of a new concept for hybridized construction that is balanced between resilience and sustainability objectives, (4) application of the decision framework to a range of test bed problems to demonstrate its ability to handle different size populations and demographic configurations, and (5) a student-centered learning experience. The de-aggregation of the attributes that make a community resilient and a building sustainable will enable a decision framework that addresses the paradoxical issue of single building optimization for community objectives and leads to practical performance-based criteria for an innovative building system. This approach will facilitate a new generation of improved performance-based building standards to achieve community resilience and sustainability goals.

强风，例如龙卷风和飓风所产生的强风，每年造成数十亿美元的损失，并继续威胁建筑居民的安全。 容易受到这些危害的美国大部分地区也有膨胀的土壤，在那里，在层上的平板建筑很普遍。 一种新型的模块化住宅建筑系统，该系统由预制的混凝土元素与光框架木材子系统（包括地下室）组成，以实现以下目标：（1）通过使乘员提供庇护来提供生命安全。在地下室，（2）利用可回收的可持续回填，这将改善可持续性，同时减少建筑物上层较高部分的土壤损失的机会，（3）通过提供紧急情况下的龙卷风和飓风风损害的风险降低通过添加预制混凝土元素，更强的起居区。建筑物设计将通过考虑应如何设计建筑物来优化建筑物的设计，以促进社区的弹性，同时保持规定的可持续性水平，并在合理的水平上保持房屋所有权。 虽然一个预制混凝土和光框架木材组件的集成建筑系统并不是当前建筑市场的常态，但它代表了调查一种新型系统的机会，该系统可能会降低单一和多户家庭所有权的成本建筑物的寿命，同时从社区的角度改善生活质量。 在这项研究中，使社区弹性的属性将被置于建筑水平，以促进通过一个过程，旨在通过一个过程来开发土壤所建造的建筑构建信封系统。由此产生的建筑绩效标准将考虑共同的建筑实践，同时平衡社区偏好与个人级别的风险感知。该优化将涉及与指定的弹性和可持续性属性相关的多种目标和约束。研究假设是，可以针对可能与社区目标相匹配的各种自然危害的个体弹性和可持续建筑的风险信息，可以确定和参数以支持这一普通风险 - 知情的决策框架以及支持各个建筑物绩效标准的风险信息的决策框架将通过针对公共和私人投资来管理生命周期成本，从而增强社区的韧性和可持续性。 这项研究将实现以下成果：（1）开发一个决策框架，该框架可以通过消除已确定的社区属性来反映完整建筑系统的社区弹性目标，（2）能够将建筑绩效标准与建筑绩效标准与建筑绩效相关联的能力在社区层面的影响因素以及可持续性指标的整合和决策者的风险感知，（3）创建一个新概念的杂交结构，在弹性和可持续性目标之间保持平衡，（4）将决策框架应用于一系列测试床问题以证明其处理不同规模的人群和人口统计配置的能力，以及（5）以学生为中心的学习经验。使社区韧性和建筑物可持续发展的属性的脱粒化将实现一个决策框架，该框架解决了针对社区目标的单个建筑优化的矛盾问题，并为创新的建筑系统带来了基于绩效的实用标准。 这种方法将促进新一代改进的基于绩效的建筑标准，以实现社区的弹性和可持续性目标。