STTR Phase I: New dwarfing genes to improve yield and abiotic stress tolerance in wheat

STTR 第一阶段：提高小麦产量和非生物胁迫耐受性的新矮化基因

• 批准号: 1449074
• 负责人: Amandeep Dhaliwal
• 金额: $ 22.5万
• 依托单位: Geneshifters, LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1449074&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STTR; Phase; New; dwarfing; genes; STTR; Phase; New; dwarfing; genes

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) project is the improvement of wheat yields by introducing newly identified dwarfing genes. The currently used dwarfing genes, which were instrumental in bringing about the "green revolution", are at least partly responsible for this bottleneck. These dwarfing genes, present in more than 90% of the wheat varieties grown worldwide, render most of the wheat crop prone to losses due to abiotic (non-living) stresses. This research project will use the products from an NSF-funded academic research to characterize new types of dwarfing genes for wheat, and commercialize selected dwarfing genes around the globe. Outcomes and products from the proposed research project are poised to alleviate the bottleneck created by the currently used dwarfing genes, and have the potential to significantly increase wheat yields, especially under abiotic stress conditions. The research project, while creating a viable commercial product with global appeal, also will contribute positively towards food security in this changing climate.This STTR Phase I project proposes to further develop and test alternative dwarfing genes to improve wheat yield and abiotic stress tolerance around the globe. Semi-dwarf mutants rht1 and rht2 in wheat are credited for the gene revolution, and are present in more than 90% of the wheat varieties grown worldwide. Their height reduction is due to a reduced production or perception of a plant hormone, gibberellins (GA), which plays a critical role in abiotic stress tolerance. Under abiotic stresses that affect more than 85% of the US and 50% of the world's wheat growing areas, these GA-dwarfs exhibit adverse effects on various agronomic traits including abiotic stress tolerance. The project will characterize newly identified 22 "GA-normal" dwarfing genes for their agronomic advantage over the currently used genes, especially under heat, drought, and salinity stresses with the objective to identify ideal dwarfing gene systems for various wheat growing conditions. The selected dwarfing genes also will be mapped relative to DNA markers for intellectual property protection, and for their transfer to wheat cultivars via marker assisted selection.

这个小型企业技术转移（STTR）项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力是通过引入新鉴定的矮基因来提高小麦产量。 目前使用的矮基因在引发“绿色革命”方面起着重要作用，至少部分负责这种瓶颈。这些矮小的基因存在于全球超过90％的小麦品种中，这使大多数小麦作物易于因非生物（非生命）胁迫而造成损失。该研究项目将使用来自NSF资助的学术研究中的产品来表征针对小麦的新型矮基因，并在全球范围内商业化所选矮基因。拟议的研究项目的结果和产品有望减轻当前使用的矮基因所产生的瓶颈，并有可能显着提高小麦产量，尤其是在非生物压力条件下。该研究项目同时创造了具有全球吸引力的可行商业产品，在这种不断变化的气候下也将对粮食安全产生积极的贡献。该STTR I阶段项目提议进一步开发和测试替代矮小基因，以提高全球范围内的小麦产量和非生物压力。小麦中的半脱水突变体RHT1和RHT2因基因革命而被认为是全球种植的90％以上的小麦品种。它们的高度降低是由于植物激素（GA）的产生或感知降低，该植物激素在非生物胁迫耐受性中起着至关重要的作用。在影响超过85％的美国和50％的世界小麦生长区域的非生物压力下，这些GA型瓦尔夫对包括非生物胁迫耐受性在内的各种农艺性状都会产生不利影响。该项目将表征新鉴定的22个“ Ga-Normal”矮基因，因为它们的农艺优势比当前使用的基因，尤其是在热，干旱和盐度胁迫下，目的是识别各种小麦生长条件的理想矮基因系统。所选矮基因也将相对于智力性能保护的DNA标记，并通过标记辅助选择转移到小麦品种。