GOALI: Remediating E-waste Problems by Considering Consumer Behavior in Design for Multiple Life Cycles and Design for Ease of Return

目标：通过在多生命周期设计和易于退货设计中考虑消费者行为来解决电子垃圾问题

• 批准号: 1435908
• 负责人: Sara Behdad
• 金额: $ 27.99万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1435908&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Remediating; waste; Problems; Considering

Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing pollution problems in the US and worldwide. With increasing population and increasing per capita product penetration rates, the e-waste stream continues to grow by close to 5 percent annually, three times faster than any other type of municipal waste. One solution to this problem is to recover discarded electronics from consumers for refurbishment or material recovery. However, there are a number of reasons that make product recovery in the US unprofitable including the cost of collection, the quality of received products (which may be stored for months, or even years, in a variety of non-optimal home environments), product obsolescence, and an inability to plan due to a lack of data about expected number of products being returned. These problems can be alleviated by having more information about the number and timing of used products available for collection from end users. This Grant Opportunity for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI) award supports fundamental research to quantify the impact of design features and consumer behavior on the total volume, timing and quality of returned discarded items as well as the uncertainties in the return flows. Additionally, the research will assess consumer preferences and changes in consumer interests over time in order to design sustainable products that not only can meet the needs of the first consumer but also are re-marketable to satisfy the requirements of future consumers. This research has two main objectives. First, it will provide a fundamental understanding of the role of consumer behavior and designer decisions on the amount of discarded electronics annually generated nationwide. More accurate estimation of the amount of discarded devices will assist in developing systems and infrastructure that facilitate e-waste collection and recovery processes. Second, the research will create a novel class of design evaluation techniques with the aim of creating artifacts that ensure long term solutions to control waste. The research team will use three groups of methods to accomplish these aims: (1) Design for multiple life cycles: incorporating preferences of several stakeholders or product owners in the early stage of design, (2) Design for dynamic preference: modeling market demand of a specific design alternative based on changes in consumer preferences and choices over time, and (3) Design for ease of return: Incorporation of the interests of channel members (e.g., recyclers or collectors), distributors and final consumers when designing a product.

电子垃圾（e-waste）是美国和全球增长最快的污染问题之一。随着人口的增加和人均产品普及率的提高，电子垃圾流继续以每年近 5% 的速度增长，比任何其他类型的城市垃圾快三倍。解决这个问题的一种方法是从消费者那里回收废弃的电子产品以进行翻新或材料回收。然而，有很多原因导致美国的产品回收无利可图，包括收集成本、收到产品的质量（这些产品可能在各种非最佳家庭环境中储存数月甚至数年）、产品过时，并且由于缺乏有关预期退回产品数量的数据而无法制定计划。通过从最终用户那里获得有关可供收集的已用产品的数量和时间的更多信息，可以缓解这些问题。该学术与工业联络机会 (GOALI) 奖项支持基础研究，以量化设计特征和消费者行为对退回废弃物品的总量、时间和质量的影响，以及退货流的不确定性。此外，该研究还将评估消费者的偏好和消费者兴趣随时间的变化，以设计出可持续的产品，不仅可以满足第一个消费者的需求，而且可以重新销售以满足未来消费者的需求。这项研究有两个主要目标。首先，它将提供对消费者行为和设计师决策对全国每年产生的废弃电子产品数量的影响的基本了解。更准确地估计废弃设备的数量将有助于开发促进电子废物收集和回收过程的系统和基础设施。其次，该研究将创建一类新颖的设计评估技术，旨在创建确保控制浪费的长期解决方案的工件。研究团队将使用三组方法来实现这些目标：（1）多生命周期设计：在设计的早期阶段纳入多个利益相关者或产品所有者的偏好，（2）动态偏好设计：对市场需求进行建模基于消费者偏好和选择随时间变化的具体设计方案，以及 (3) 易于退货的设计：在设计产品时纳入渠道成员（例如回收商或收集商）、分销商和最终消费者的利益。

项目成果

Study of Current Trade-In Programs Available for Used Consumer Electronics: Investigation of Cellphones Design Features

当前适用于二手消费电子产品的以旧换新计划的研究：手机设计特征的调查

• 发表时间: 2015-08
• 期刊: ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference
• 作者: Jayaram, Sunayana;Goyal, Harshit;Behdad, Sara
• 通讯作者: Behdad, Sara

Consumer decisions to repair mobile phones and manufacturer pricing policies: The concept of value leakage

消费者维修手机的决定和制造商定价政策：价值泄漏的概念

• DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.015
• 发表时间: 2018-06-01
• 期刊: Resources, Conservation and Recycling
• 作者: M. Sabbaghi;S. Behdad
• 通讯作者: S. Behdad

Modeling Consumer Decisions on Returning End-of-Use Products Considering Design Features and Consumer Interactions: An Agent Based Simulation Approach

考虑设计特征和消费者互动，对消费者关于退回废品的决策进行建模：基于代理的仿真方法

• DOI: 10.1115/detc2015-46864
• 发表时间: 2015-08-02
• 作者: A. Mashhadi;Behzad Esmaeilian;S. Behdad
• 通讯作者: S. Behdad

The Global Flow of Hard Disk Drives: Quantifying the Concept of Value Leakage in E‐waste Recovery Systems

硬盘驱动器的全球流动：量化电子废物回收系统中价值泄漏的概念

• DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12765
• 发表时间: 2019-06-01
• 期刊: Journal of Industrial Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: M. Sabbaghi;Willie Cade;William Olson;S. Behdad
• 通讯作者: S. Behdad

Use of Citizen Science to Improve Student Experience in Engineering Design, Manufacturing and Sustainability Education

利用公民科学改善学生在工程设计、制造和可持续发展教育方面的体验

• DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.124
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Procedia manufacturing
• 作者: Esmaeilian, Behzad;Rust, Michael;Gopalakrishnan, Praveen Kumare;Behdad, Sara
• 通讯作者: Behdad, Sara