Collaborative Research: RUI: Impacts of size-selective mortality on sex-changing fishes

合作研究：RUI：尺寸选择性死亡率对变性鱼类的影响

• 批准号: 1435473
• 负责人: James White
• 金额: $ 21.03万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Wilmington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-03-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1435473&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RUI; Impacts; size

Many marine fish species change sex during their lifetimes, and many of them are targets of commercial and recreational fishing. The timing of sex change in these animals is often related to body size, so populations typically consist of many small fish of the initial sex (usually female) and few large fish of the other sex (usually male). In nature, smaller fish are at a greater risk of mortality due to predation, but fishermen tend to seek larger fish. Thus fishing that targets larger individuals may skew sex ratios, removing enough of the larger sex to hinder reproduction. However, the extent to which size-selective mortality affects sex-changing fishes is poorly understood. This research will explore the effects of size-selective mortality on the population dynamics of sex-changing species using an integrated set of field experiments and mathematical models. It will provide the first experimental exploration of the sensitivity of different sex-change patterns and reproductive strategies to selective mortality. The results will advance our knowledge of the susceptibility and resilience of sex-changing organisms to different types of size-selective mortality and will reveal how sex-changing species can recover after size-selection ceases, as in populations within marine reserves where fishing is suddenly prohibited. The findings will inform fisheries management policies, which do not currently consider the ability of a species to change sex in setting fisheries regulations. The project will provide professional training and research support for three graduate students and multiple undergraduates from California State University Northridge, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, and University of North Carolina Wilmington. The research findings will be communicated with fisheries managers, via national and international scientific meetings, posted on institutional websites and social media, and through publicly available modeling exercises.This project will consist of a three-year study of the effects of size-specific mortality on sex-changing fishes. Field experiments will use three closely related rocky-reef fishes that differ in sex-change pattern and are amenable to field manipulation and direct measurement of reproductive output. The species include a protogynous hermaphrodite (a female-to-male sex-change pattern common among harvested species) and two simultaneous hermaphrodites that differ in their ability to switch between male and female. Two types of experiments will be conducted on populations established on replicate patch reefs at Santa Catalina Island, California: (1) sex ratios will be manipulated to determine when the scarcity of males limits population-level reproductive output; and (2) experiments cross-factoring the intensity of mortality with the form of size-selection (i.e., higher mortality of large or small individuals) will test the demographic consequences of size-selective mortality. In concert with the field experiments, size- and sex-structured population models (integral projection models) will be developed for use in three ways: (1) to evaluate how different types of selective mortality should affect population dynamics; (2) to predict outcomes of the field experiments, testing/validating the model and allowing direct prediction of the ecological significance of short-term selection; and (3) to fit to existing survey data for a fourth species, a widely fished, sex-changing fish, inside and outside of marine reserves. Part (3) will evaluate whether and how quickly the mating system and reproductive output of that species (not directly measurable in the field) is recovering inside reserves. This integrated set of field experiments and models will yield novel insight into the effects of size-selective mortality on the population dynamics of sex-changing marine species.

许多海洋鱼类在一生中会改变性别，其中许多是商业和休闲捕鱼的目标。这些动物的性别变化时间通常与体型有关，因此种群通常由许多原始性别的小鱼（通常是雌性）和少量其他性别的大鱼（通常是雄性）组成。在自然界中，较小的鱼因捕食而死亡的风险更大，但渔民倾向于寻找较大的鱼。因此，以体型较大的个体为目标的捕捞可能会扭曲性别比例，从而消除足够多的体型较大的个体，从而阻碍繁殖。然而，人们对体型选择性死亡对变性鱼类的影响程度知之甚少。这项研究将利用一套综合的现场实验和数学模型，探讨体型选择性死亡率对变性物种种群动态的影响。它将首次实验探索不同性别改变模式和生殖策略对选择性死亡的敏感性。这些结果将增进我们对变性生物对不同类型的体型选择性死亡的敏感性和恢复力的了解，并将揭示变性物种在体型选择停止后如何恢复，例如在突然停止捕捞的海洋保护区内的种群中。禁止。研究结果将为渔业管理政策提供信息，目前渔业管理政策在制定渔业法规时不考虑物种改变性别的能力。该项目将为来自加州州立大学北岭分校、莫斯兰丁海洋实验室和北卡罗来纳大学威尔明顿分校的三名研究生和多名本科生提供专业培训和研究支持。研究结果将通过国家和国际科学会议、发布在机构网站和社交媒体上以及通过公开的建模练习与渔业管理者进行沟通。该项目将包括一项为期三年的特定规格死亡率影响的研究关于改变性别的鱼类。现场实验将使用三种密切相关的岩礁鱼类，它们的性别变化模式不同，并且适合现场操作和直接测量生殖输出。该物种包括一个先熟雌雄同体（收获物种中常见的雌性到雄性的变性模式）和两个同时雌雄同体，它们在雄性和雌性之间转换的能力不同。将对加利福尼亚州圣卡塔利娜岛的复制斑礁上建立的种群进行两种类型的实验：（1）操纵性别比例以确定雄性稀缺何时限制种群水平的繁殖产出； （2）将死亡率强度与体型选择形式（即体型选择死亡率较高）交叉因素化的实验将检验体型选择性死亡率的人口统计学后果。 与实地实验相结合，将开发规模和性别结构的种群模型（整体预测模型），用于以下三种用途：（1）评估不同类型的选择性死亡率应如何影响种群动态； （2）预测现场实验的结果，测试/验证模型并允许直接预测短期选择的生态意义； (3) 符合第四种鱼类的现有调查数据，这是一种在海洋保护区内外广泛捕捞的变性鱼类。第（3）部分将评估该物种的交配系统和繁殖产出（无法在野外直接测量）是否以及如何快速在保护区内恢复。这套综合的现场实验和模型将对尺寸选择性死亡对变性海洋物种种群动态的影响产生新的见解。

项目成果

Fitting state-space integral projection models to size-structured time series data to estimate unknown parameters

将状态空间积分投影模型拟合到大小结构时间序列数据以估计未知参数

• DOI: 10.1002/eap.1398
• 发表时间: 2016-12
• 期刊: Ecological Applications
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: White, J. Wilson;Nickols, Kerry J.;Malone, Daniel;Carr, Mark H.;Starr, Richard M.;Cordoleani, Flora;Baskett, Marissa L.;Hastings, Alan;Botsford, Louis W.
• 通讯作者: Botsford, Louis W.

The dynamics of open populations: integration of top–down, bottom–up and supply–side influences on intertidal oysters

开放种群动态：自上而下、自下而上和供给侧对潮间带牡蛎影响的整合

• DOI: 10.1111/oik.05892
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Oikos
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Kimbro, David L.;White, J. Wilson;Grosholz, Edwin D.
• 通讯作者: Grosholz, Edwin D.

Setting ecological expectations for adaptive management of marine protected areas

设定海洋保护区适应性管理的生态预期

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13463
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Nickols, Kerry J.;White, J. Wilson;Malone, Dan;Carr, Mark H.;Starr, Richard M.;Baskett, Marissa L.;Hastings, Alan;Botsford, Louis W.
• 通讯作者: Botsford, Louis W.

Influence of protogynous sex change on recovery of fish populations within marine protected areas

先雌性变性对海洋保护区内鱼类种群恢复的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/eap.2070
• 发表时间: 2020-04
• 期刊: Ecological Applications
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Easter, E. E.;Adreani, M. S.;Hamilton, S. L.;Steele, M. A.;Pang, S.;White, J. W.
• 通讯作者: White, J. W.

Setting expected timelines of fished population recovery for the adaptive management of a marine protected area network

为海洋保护区网络的适应性管理设定捕捞种群恢复的预期时间表

• DOI: 10.1002/eap.1949
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Ecological Applications
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Kaplan, Katherine A.;Yamane, Lauren;Botsford, Louis W.;Baskett, Marissa L.;Hastings, Alan;Worden, Sara;White, J. Wilson
• 通讯作者: White, J. Wilson