Collaborative Research: RIPS Type 2: Vulnerability Assessment and Resilient Design of Interdependent Infrastructures

合作研究：RIPS 类型 2：相互依赖基础设施的漏洞评估和弹性设计

• 批准号: 1441231
• 负责人: My Thai
• 金额: $ 109.95万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-15 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1441231&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RIPS; Type; Vulnerability

Modern infrastructure systems, such as power grids, communication networks, and transportation networks are interdependent in such a way that a failure of an element in one system may cause multiple failures of elements in other systems. This process can propagate back and forth between interdependent systems in a cascading fashion, resulting in a catastrophic widespread failure. In addition, the diverse human behaviors to disruptions, such as drivers? reaction to gridlock, can further complicate the cascading behaviors. Radically new models and analytical techniques are needed to assess and design resilient interdependent systems.In this project, a team of five investigators from the domains of computer science, optimization, transportation systems, power engineering, and social science will work together to gain a better understanding of cascading failure phenomena, develop tractable mathematical models for designing resilient interdependent systems, and investigate innovative strategies to enhance the resilience of interdependent systems by preventing the occurrence of cascading failures and quickly restoring system operations. This research will lay a foundation in understanding the fundamental properties that contribute to the robustness of interdependent systems under disruptions, and thus, advancing the state-of-the-art in modern complex network theory and optimization algorithms. The transformative contributions of the project are as follows. The investigators will offer the first models that can characterize the scale and depth of cascading failures in interdependent systems, introduce the new concept of "human vulnerability", and provide the first model on identifying critical network elements based on serviceability. The findings of the research will provide timely support for public and private agencies to better understand the impacts of cascading failures and the implications of protecting critical elements, and develop policies to enhance the resilience of the interdependent infrastructure systems. In particular, the findings can potentially diversify the choices of these policies for managing transportation networks and power grids. The research results will also enrich the literature in the areas of network science, graph theory, optimization, communications, transportation systems, power engineering, and social science. The project will involve students at all levels, with emphasis on attracting students from underrepresented groups. The real-world applications will offer an ideal platform to engage undergraduate and K-12 students and to reach out to practitioners and policy makers.Via a combination of theoretical (mathematical modeling and optimization) and applied (domain expertise) approaches, this project will comprehensively investigate vulnerability and resilience issues in interdependent systems. As specific steps towards this goal, the investigators will pursue five interdisciplinary research tasks: 1) analyzing the mechanisms of cascading failures in interdependent systems by mathematically quantifying the "depth" and "breadth" of cascades; 2) identifying critical elements (nodes and/or links) whose removal yields the most significant loss of resilience of interdependent systems; 3) enhancing the resilience of interdependent systems via optimal addition of inter-network links and finding adaptive control strategies to rapidly react to the cascading behaviors before the systems decay into full-blown failure; 4) investigating "human vulnerability" associated with critical elements, and deriving metrics of human vulnerability, which will be further integrated into the mathematical models of interdependent systems to refine the detection of critical elements; 5) applying the proposed rigorous mathematical models and algorithms to the real-world interdependent networks in Florida, which consist of power grids, communication networks, and transportation networks, with an impact of human behavior.

现代基础架构系统（例如电网，通信网络和运输网络）相互依存，以使一个系统中元素的故障可能导致其他系统中的元素多次故障。这个过程可以以级联的方式来回传播相互依存的系统，从而导致灾难性的广泛失败。此外，诸如驾驶员之类的破坏性行为多样化？对僵局的反应会进一步使级联行为复杂化。需要新的新模型和分析技术来评估和设计有弹性的相互依存系统。在该项目中，由来自计算机科学，优化，运输系统，动力工程和社会科学领域的五名调查员组成的团队将共同努力了解级联故障现象，开发可拖动的数学模型来设计弹性的相互依存系统，并通过防止级联失败的发生并快速恢复系统操作来研究增强相互依赖系统的弹性以增强相互依赖系统的弹性。这项研究将奠定基础，以理解有助于相互依存系统在中断的稳健性的基本属性，从而促进现代复杂网络理论和优化算法中最新的最新技术。该项目的变革性贡献如下。研究人员将提供可以表征相互依赖系统中级联故障的规模和深度的第一个模型，引入“人类脆弱性”的新概念，并为识别基于服务性的关键网络元素提供了第一个模型。研究结果将及时为公共和私人机构提供支持，以更好地了解级联失败的影响以及保护关键要素的影响，并制定政策以增强相互依存的基础设施系统的弹性。特别是，这些发现可能会使这些政策的选择多样化，以管理运输网络和电网。研究结果还将丰富网络科学，图理论，优化，通信，运输系统，动力工程和社会科学领域的文献。该项目将涉及各个级别的学生，重点是吸引来自代表性不足小组的学生。现实世界中的应用程序将为吸引本科生和K-12学生提供理想的平台，并与从业者和政策制定者联系。全面研究相互依存系统中的脆弱性和弹性问题。作为朝着这一目标的具体步骤，调查人员将通过数学量化级联的“深度”和“广度”来分析相互依存系统中级联失败的机制； 2）识别去除的关键要素（节点和/或链接）会产生相互依存系统的弹性损失最大的损失； 3）通过最佳添加网络间链接并找到适应性控制策略，从而增强相互依存系统的弹性，以在系统衰减中衰减到全面失败之前，快速对级联行为做出迅速反应； 4）研究与关键要素相关的“人类脆弱性”，并得出人类脆弱性的指标，这些指标将进一步整合到相互依存系统的数学模型中，以完善对关键要素的检测； 5）将拟议的严格数学模型和算法应用于佛罗里达州现实世界中的相互依存网络，该网络由电网，通信网络和运输网络组成，并影响了人类行为。