Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)

南大洋碳和气候观测与模拟（SOCCOM）

• 批准号: 1425989
• 负责人: Jorge Sarmiento
• 金额: $ 1626.55万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1425989&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Southern; Ocean; Carbon; Climate; Observations

Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project seeks to drive a transformative shift in our understanding of the crucial role of the Southern Ocean in taking up anthropogenic carbon and heat, and resupplying nutrients from the abyss to the surface. An observational program will generate vast amounts of new biogeochemical data that will provide a greatly improved view of the dynamics and ecosystem responses of the Southern Ocean. A modeling component will apply these observations to enhancing understanding of the current ocean, reducing uncertainty in projections of future carbon and nutrient cycles and climate.Because it serves as the primary gateway through which the intermediate, deep, and bottom waters of the ocean interact with the surface layers and thus the atmosphere, the Southern Ocean has a profound influence on the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon and heat as well as nutrient resupply from the abyss to the surface. Yet it is the least observed and understood region of the world ocean. The oceanographic community is on the cusp of two major advances that have the potential to transform understanding of the Southern Ocean. The first is the development of new biogeochemical sensors mounted on autonomous profiling floats that allow sampling of ocean biogeochemistry and acidification in 3-dimensional space with a temporal resolution of five to ten days. The SOCCOM float program proposed will increase the average number of biogeochemical profiles measured per month in the Southern Ocean by ~10-30x. The second is that the climate modeling community now has the computational resources and physical understanding to develop fully coupled climate models that can represent crucial mesoscale processes in the Southern Ocean, as well as corresponding models that assimilate observations to produce a state estimate. Together with the observations, this new generation of models provides the tools to vastly improve understanding of Southern Ocean processes and the ability to quantitatively assess uptake of anthropogenic carbon and heat, as well as nutrient resupply, both today and into the future.In order to take advantage of the above technological and modeling breakthroughs, SOCCOM will implement the following research programs:* Theme 1: Observations. Scripps Institution of Oceanography will lead a field program to expand the number of Southern Ocean autonomous profiling floats and equip them with sensors to measure pH, nitrate, and oxygen. The University of Washington and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute will design, build, and oversee deployment of the floats. Scripps will also develop a mesoscale eddying Southern Ocean state estimate that assimilates physical and biogeochemical data into the MIT ocean general circulation model.* Theme 2: Modeling. University of Arizona and Princeton University, together with NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), will use SOCCOM observations to develop data/model assessment metrics and next-generation model analysis and evaluation, with the goal of improving process level understanding and reducing the uncertainty in projections of our future climate.Led by Climate Central, an independent, non-profit journalism and research organization that promotes understanding of climate science, SOCCOM will collaborate with educators and media professionals to inform policymakers and the public about the challenges of climate change and its impacts on marine life in the context of the Southern Ocean. In addition, the integrated team of SOCCOM scientists and educators will:* communicate data and results of the SOCCOM efforts quickly to the public through established data networks, publications, broadcast media, and a public portal;* train a new generation of diverse ocean scientists, including undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows versed in field techniques, data calibration, modeling, and communication of research to non-scientists;* transfer new sensor technology and related software to autonomous instrument providers and manufacturers to ensure that they become widely useable.

南大洋碳和气候观测与模拟 (SOCCOM) 项目旨在推动我们对南大洋在吸收人为碳和热量以及将营养物质从深渊重新供应到地表方面的关键作用的认识发生转变。观测计划将产生大量新的生物地球化学数据，这些数据将大大改善对南大洋动态和生态系统响应的认识。建模组件将应用这些观测结果来增强对当前海洋的了解，减少未来碳和营养循环以及气候预测的不确定性。因为它是海洋中层水、深层水​​和底层水与海洋相互作用的主要门户。南大洋与地表层和大气层一样，对海洋对人为碳和热量的吸收以及从深渊到地表的养分补给有着深远的影响。然而，它是世界海洋中观察和了解最少的区域。海洋学界正处于两项重大进展的风口浪尖，这两项重大进展有可能改变人们对南大洋的认识。第一个是开发安装在自主剖面浮标上的新型生物地球化学传感器，允许在 3 维空间中以五到十天的时间分辨率对海洋生物地球化学和酸化进行采样。拟议的 SOCCOM 浮动计划将使南大洋每月测量的生物地球化学剖面的平均数量增加约 10-30 倍。第二是气候建模界现在拥有计算资源和物理理解来开发完全耦合的气候模型，该模型可以代表南大洋的关键中尺度过程，以及同化观测以产生状态估计的相应模型。与观测结果一起，新一代模型提供了工具，可以极大地提高对南大洋过程的理解，并提高定量评估当今和未来人为碳和热量的吸收以及养分补给的能力。利用上述技术和建模突破，SOCCOM 将实施以下研究计划：* 主题 1：观察。斯克里普斯海洋学研究所将领导一项实地计划，扩大南大洋自主剖面浮标的数量，并为其配备传感器来测量 pH 值、硝酸盐和氧气。华盛顿大学和蒙特利湾水族馆研究所将设计、建造和监督浮标的部署。斯克里普斯还将开发中尺度涡流南大洋状态估计，将物理和生物地球化学数据同化到麻省理工学院海洋环流模型中。*主题 2：建模。亚利桑那大学和普林斯顿大学与 NOAA 地球物理流体动力学实验室 (GFDL) 一起，将利用 SOCCOM 观测数据开发数据/模型评估指标以及下一代模型分析和评估，目标是提高过程水平理解并减少不确定性在我们未来气候的预测中。在气候中心（一个促进对气候科学的理解的独立非营利新闻和研究组织）的领导下，SOCCOM 将与教育工作者和媒体专业人士合作，向政策制定者和公众通报气候变化的挑战及其对南大洋海洋生物的影响。此外，由 SOCCOM 科学家和教育工作者组成的综合团队将：* 通过已建立的数据网络、出版物、广播媒体和公共门户，快速向公众传达 SOCCOM 工作的数据和结果；* 培训新一代多元化的海洋科学家，包括精通现场技术、数据校准、建模和向非科学家进行研究交流的本科生、研究生和博士后；*将新的传感器技术和相关软件转让给自主仪器提供商和制造商，以确保它们得到广泛应用可用。