Ocean Acidification Category 2: Collaborative Research - Development of geochemical proxies to evaluate larval pH-exposure history

海洋酸化类别 2：合作研究 - 开发地球化学代理来评估幼虫 pH 暴露历史

• 批准号: 1401349
• 负责人: Achim Herrmann
• 金额: $ 6.1万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1401349&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Category; Collaborative; Research

Intellectual merit: This project will develop a new interdisciplinary partnership between connectivity ecology (Levin at SIO), metal isotope geochemistry (Anbar and Gordon at ASU), and paleoclimatology (Herrmann at ASU) to identify new proxies for ocean acidification that can be used to assess pH exposures in living organisms and, potentially to interpret the geologic record. The investigators hypothesize that the isotopic composition of larval calcium carbonates reflects changes in seawater chemistry driven by ocean acidification and, in some instances, with associated decline in oxygen levels. The large extent to which these two parameters vary in concert in the modern and past ocean (and thus have joint influence), and the extent to which they may be uncoupled by anthropogenic CO2 inputs, merits considerable attention. Thus, the integration of pH and oxygen in proxy development would be an important advance.The focus of this project is on proxy development to determine pH exposure history for living organisms in their larval state, and will center on calcium, boron, and uranium isotopes as well as multi-elemental fingerprints. For this project, the investigators will target open coast, front bay and backbay mytilid mussel species, each living naturally under a different pH regime, and statoliths of encapsulated market squid larvae from the open shelf. Larvae with known pH, oxygen and temperature exposure histories will be obtained from (1) laboratory larval rearing experiments that manipulate pH and oxygen and (2) in situ out planting of lab-spawned larvae in larval homes onto existing moorings where pH, T and oxygen are being monitored. Analyses will employ SIMS (for del 11B), multicollector (for del 44Ca, del 238 U), and laser ablation ICP-MS (targeting B, Cu, U, Pb, Mo, and a suite of additional pH- and redox-sensitive trace elements). Multivariate statistical tools will define ability to detect pH-induced signatures and to determine species or taxon-specific vital effects. The investigators are exploring proxies for invertebrate larvae that are untested in the context of acidification geochemistry. Targeting larvae is critical as many marine organisms produce larval carbonate structures and these stages may be most affected by ocean acidification. The retention of larval shell and statoliths after recruitment may ultimately allow us to test the importance of larval pH and O2 exposure to survival and population persistence. An ability to assess past exposures through geochemical proxies will provide information about relative pH tolerances and ecosystem-level change in response to changes in the ocean¡¦s carbonate chemistry.Broader impacts: This project will: (1) engaging young scientists in new collaborations (2) involving underrepresented students through UC summer diversity programs and (3) conveying the science to students via UCSD IGERT courses in the program Global Change, Marine Science and Society, as well as via courses taught by Levin, Anbar and Herrmann. Translation of ecological results to the fields of marine geochemistry and paleoclimatology (and back) will provide the seed for future collaboration and advances.

智力价值：该项目将在连通性生态学（SIO 的 Levin）、金属同位素地球化学（ASU 的 Anbar 和 Gordon）和古气候学（ASU 的 Herrmann）之间建立新的跨学科伙伴关系，以确定海洋酸化的新代理，可用于评估活生物体中的 pH 值，并可能解释探险者幼体碳酸钙的同位素组成反映了海水化学变化的地质记录。海洋酸化，在某些情况下，伴随着氧气水平的下降，这两个参数在现代和过去的海洋中一致变化（因此具有共同影响），以及它们可能在多大程度上被解耦。因此，在代理开发中整合 pH 和氧气将是一个重要的进步。该项目的重点是代理开发，以确定活体在幼虫状态下的 pH 暴露历史，并将集中在代理开发上。关于钙、硼和铀同位素以及多元素指纹图谱 在该项目中，研究人员将针对开放海岸、前湾和后湾贻贝物种（每种贻贝自然生活在不同的 pH 条件下）以及来自开放大陆架的封装的市场鱿鱼幼虫的静石。具有已知 pH 值、氧气和温度暴露历史的幼虫可通过 (1) 操纵 pH 值和氧气的实验室幼虫培育实验以及 (2) 实验室产卵的原位种植获得将幼虫家中的幼虫放置在现有的系泊处，并监测 pH、T 和氧气。分析将采用 SIMS（针对 del 11B）、多收集器（针对 del 44Ca、del 238 U）和激光烧蚀 ICP-MS（针对 B、Cu、多元统计工具将定义检测 pH 诱导特征和确定物种的能力研究人员正在探索在酸化地球化学背景下未经测试的无脊椎动物幼虫的替代物，因为许多海洋生物会产生幼虫碳酸盐结构，而这些阶段可能受海洋酸化的影响最大。招募后幼虫壳和平衡石的研究可能最终使我们能够测试幼虫 pH 和 O2 暴露对生存和种群持久性的重要性 通过地球化学评估过去的暴露情况。代理将提供有关相对 pH 值耐受性和生态系统水平变化的信息，以应对海洋的变化…更广泛的影响：该项目将：（1）让年轻科学家参与新的合作（2）通过加州大学夏季多样性项目代表性不足的学生，以及（3）通过加州大学圣地亚哥分校全球变化项目中的 IGERT 课程向学生传达科学知识、海洋科学与社会，以及通过莱文、安巴尔和赫尔曼教授的课程将生态成果转化为海洋地球化学和古气候学领域（反之亦然）将为未来的合作和发展提供种子。进步。