DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Between-class gene flow in complex mating systems: The evolution of breeding systems in Silene vulgaris

论文研究：复杂交配系统中的类间基因流：Silene vulgaris 繁殖系统的进化

基本信息

批准号：
1407166
负责人：
Edmund Brodie
金额：
$ 1.96万
依托单位：
University of Virginia Main Campus
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-06-01 至 2017-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1407166&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Between class gene

项目摘要

In most plants and animals, males and females differ in size, shape, or color because natural selection drives the sexes in different directions. The evolution of this dimorphism is constrained by the mixing of genes among males and females during mating known as between-class gene flow. This work investigates the effects of between-class gene flow in a plant Silene vulgaris, in which individuals are either hermaphrodite or female. In species with such complex mating systems, the rates of between-class gene flow vary among populations, allowing their effects to be more easily detected. Using genetic markers, this work will estimate the strength of natural selection in hermaphrodites and females, as well as the patterns of gene flow among hermaphrodites and females for multiple populations. These estimates will be combined with estimates of heritability to determine if between-class gene flow limits the evolution of differences between sexes.This work will test the importance of between-class gene flow as a factor affecting adaptation in natural systems. The understanding of this process will inform strategies for artificial selection of agriculturally important species such as cattle (Bos primigenius), in which males and females have different desired traits, and species with complex mating systems, such as maize (Zea mays). Finally, this work directly supports the training of a doctoral student as a researcher and mentor and provides opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in research in quantitative genetics and molecular ecology.

在大多数植物和动物中，雄性和雌性在大小、形状或颜色上有所不同，因为自然选择将性别驱向不同的方向。这种二态性的进化受到雄性和雌性在交配过程中基因混合（称为类间基因流）的限制。这项工作研究了植物 Silene vulgaris 中类间基因流的影响，其中个体要么是雌雄同体，要么是雌性。在具有如此复杂的交配系统的物种中，类间基因流动的速率因种群而异，使得它们的影响更容易被检测到。这项工作将利用遗传标记来估计雌雄同体和雌性自然选择的强度，以及多个种群的雌雄同体和雌性之间的基因流动模式。这些估计将与遗传力估计相结合，以确定类间基因流是否限制性别差异的进化。这项工作将测试类间基因流作为影响自然系统适应的因素的重要性。对这一过程的理解将为人工选择重要农业物种（如牛（Bos primigenius），其中雄性和雌性具有不同的所需性状）和具有复杂交配系统的物种（如玉米（Zea mays））的策略提供信息。最后，这项工作直接支持博士生作为研究员和导师的培训，并为本科生从事数量遗传学和分子生态学研究提供机会。