Collaborative Research: Reconstruction of Carbon Monoxide in the Pre-Industrial Arctic Atmosphere from Ice Cores at Summit, Greenland

合作研究：利用格陵兰岛峰会冰芯重建前工业化北极大气中的一氧化碳

• 批准号: 1405817
• 负责人: John Mak
• 金额: $ 7.51万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1405817&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Reconstruction; Carbon; Monoxide

The main goal of the proposed work is to provide the first reliable record of pre-industrial carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and stable isotope composition in the Arctic atmosphere, which would also be representative of a large part of the Northern Hemisphere. Carbon monoxide concentrations are a crucial component of any complete modern or past atmospheric data set because CO plays a key role in global atmospheric chemistry by being the largest single sink of hydroxyl radicals in the lower atmosphere. Carbon monoxide concentration in combination with stable isotopes is also a powerful tracer for large-scale biomass burning variations. Pre-industrial carbon monoxide concentration in the northern hemisphere (where anthropogenic impacts have been by far the strongest) is poorly characterized, with prior measurements made using an older technique in the 1990s on only a few samples from one ice core. No published carbon monoxide isotope measurements from northern hemisphere ice cores are currently available. The investigators propose to collect a new large diameter ice core near Summit, Greenland using the Blue Ice Drill (BID), providing ice from 80 to 170 meters depth (air age from about 1960 to about 1600 AD). Continuous measurements of carbon monoxide concentration would provide a high-resolution record over the entire ice core and identify ice layers where carbon monoxide is well preserved. High-precision discrete analyses of carbon monoxide concentration and isotopic composition would then target ice from these layers. Continuous analyses of trace chemistry and discrete analyses of trace organics would also be conducted to establish the ice core chronology and improve understanding of mechanisms of in situ carbon monoxide production in ice. Atmospheric histories for carbon monoxide concentration and isotopic composition would be derived using a combination of firn-ice gas transport and inverse models, and the implications for pre-industrial carbon monoxide budget would be investigated with the use of a climate-chemistry model. The proposed approach maximizes the chance of obtaining a reliable history of carbon monoxide concentration and isotopic composition through careful site selection and the application of novel ice drilling and analytical techniques. Results from the study will be made available to the scientific community and the general public through the NSIDC and NOAA Paleoclimatology data centers. The work will contribute to the training of two graduate and 2 undergraduate students, support an early career investigator, and establish several new collaborations among the investigators. The investigators have a strong history of and commitment to scientific outreach in the forms of media interviews, participation in educational films, as well as speaking to schools and the public about their research, and will continue these activities as part of the proposed work.

拟议工作的主要目标是提供北极大气中一氧化碳（CO）浓度和稳定同位素组成的首个可靠记录，这也代表了北半球的大部分。一氧化碳浓度是任何完整的现代或过去大气数据集的关键组成部分，因为CO通过在低大气中是羟基自由基的最大单个水槽，在全球大气化学中起关键作用。一氧化碳浓度与稳定的同位素组合也是大规模生物质燃烧变化的强大示踪剂。北半球的工业前一氧化碳浓度（人为影响的最强）的特征很差，在1990年代，先前使用较旧的技术对仅从一个冰核的几个样品进行了先前的测量。目前，目前尚无来自北半球冰芯的一氧化碳同位素测量。调查人员建议使用蓝冰钻（BID）在格陵兰岛萨米特附近收集新的大型直径冰芯，从而提供80至170米的冰（从1960年到1960年至约1600年的空气时代）。一氧化碳浓度的连续测量将在整个冰芯上提供高分辨率记录，并确定一氧化碳保存得很好的冰层。一氧化碳浓度和同位素组成的高精度离散分析将靶向这些层的冰。还将对痕量化学和痕量有机物的离散分析进行连续分析，以建立冰芯的年表并提高对冰中原位碳一氧化碳生产机制的理解。使用FIRN-ICE气体传输和反相反模型的组合将得出一氧化碳浓度和同位素组成的大气历史，并且将使用气候化学模型来研究对工业前一氧化碳预算的影响。提出的方法通过仔细的位点选择以及新型的冰钻和分析技术获得可靠的一氧化碳浓度和同位素组成的可靠历史的机会。该研究的结果将通过NSIDC和NOAA古气候数据中心向科学界和公众提供。这项工作将有助于对两名研究生和两名本科生的培训，支持早期职业调查员，并在调查人员中建立一些新的合作。调查人员在媒体访谈，参与教育电影以及与学校和公众的研究形式的形式上有着悠久的历史和对科学宣传的承诺，并将继续作为拟议工作的一部分继续这些活动。