Experimental Studies of the Standard Model and Beyond at High Energy Colliders

高能对撞机标准模型及其他模型的实验研究

• 批准号: 1359787
• 负责人: John Hobbs
• 金额: $ 189.5万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1359787&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Standard; Model; Beyond

Overview: A goal of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (the LHC) at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland is to understand the nature of the Higgs Boson, recently discovered there in 2012, and to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics. These goals are relevant to the understanding of the Universe at its most fundamental level in the fleeting fraction of a second just after the Big Bang, and to why we see the Universe as we do now. To meet the challenges of this quest, new theories are advanced, new detectors and accelerators are developed and built, and new computing and analytical methodologies are created, all of which have significant broader impact for the training of young scientists in the near term and the advancement of technological benefits to society over the longer term. The next three years represent a transition of the LHC physics program from a collision energy of 8 TeV data-taking and operation, to extended operations and data taking at nearly double the energy, 13-14 TeV. Over a thousand scientists from the United States are involved with this scientific program on several major experiments.Intellectual Merit: The research to be conducted under this award to the Particle Physics group at the State University of New York at Stonybrook is aimed to address deep questions about the nature of the Universe from data collected with the ATLAS experiment, one of the major multipurpose detectors at the LHC. Scientific questions addressed include: Is the newly discovered Higgs particle the one predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics or is it a part of a larger theoretical picture that includes new particles that could be discovered at the new higher collision energy? Why is the observed mass of the Higgs boson so low, found to be 126 billion electron volts, or roughly 135 times the mass of the proton? In fact this low mass value is one of the most profound conundrums in all of science and is currently driving much of the scientific discourse in the field of particle physics. What are the detailed properties of the force carriers of the electroweak interaction, the W and Z bosons, at high energy? These questions are critical to our understanding of the full context of the Standard Model of particle physics and to new physics that lies beyond the Standard Model. Technically, the group will provide instrumentation and software calibration tools for the ATLAS calorimeters that will enable the group to commission and calibrate these important components of the experiment. The group is also a key leader in the Phase I Upgrade of the ATLAS detector. It is called the Phase I upgrade, because it represents the first major improvement in instrumentation for the experiment. This is essential for the effective operation of the experiment as the number of beam interactions (the luminosity) is increased by factor of ten over current levels, and will improve the potential for new scientific discoveries through the end of this decade.Broader Impact: The leadership role of the Stonybrook group in managing the ATLAS Phase I Upgrade serves to broaden the participation and contributions of a number of university groups in the US, through support of technical personnel and education and training of young scientific researchers in the development and deployment of new, state-of-the-art instrumentation for high energy, high luminosity experimentation.

概述：瑞士日内瓦 CERN 大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 的实验目标是了解 2012 年最近在那里发现的希格斯玻色子的性质，并发现基本粒子物理标准模型之外的新物理。 这些目标与在大爆炸后转瞬即逝的瞬间对宇宙最基本的理解有关，也与我们为什么以现在的方式看待宇宙有关。 为了应对这一探索的挑战，新的理论被提出，新的探测器和加速器被开发和建造，新的计算和分析方法被创建，所有这些都对近期和未来年轻科学家的培训产生了更广泛的影响。从长远来看，技术进步会给社会带来好处。 未来三年，LHC 物理计划将从 8 TeV 的碰撞能量数据采集和操作，过渡到近两倍能量（13-14 TeV）的扩展操作和数据采集。 来自美国的一千多名科学家参与了该科学计划的多项重大实验。 智力成果：纽约州立大学石溪分校粒子物理学小组根据该奖项进行的研究旨在解决深层次问题通过 ATLAS 实验收集的数据了解宇宙的本质，ATLAS 实验是大型强子对撞机的主要多功能探测器之一。 解决的科学问题包括：新发现的希格斯粒子是粒子物理学标准模型预测的粒子，还是它是更大理论图景的一部分，其中包括可以在新的更高碰撞能量下发现的新粒子？ 为什么观测到的希格斯玻色子质量如此之低，只有 1260 亿电子伏特，大约是质子质量的 135 倍？ 事实上，这种低质量值是所有科学中最深刻的难题之一，目前正在推动粒子物理领域的大部分科学讨论。 高能电弱相互作用的力载体 W 和 Z 玻色子的详细特性是什么？ 这些问题对于我们理解粒子物理标准模型的完整背景以及超越标准模型的新物理至关重要。 从技术上讲，该小组将为 ATLAS 热量计提供仪器和软件校准工具，使该小组能够调试和校准实验的这些重要组成部分。 该小组也是 ATLAS 探测器第一阶段升级的主要领导者。它被称为第一阶段升级，因为它代表了实验仪器的首次重大改进。 这对于实验的有效运行至关重要，因为光束相互作用的数量（光度）比当前水平增加了十倍，并将在本十年末提高新科学发现的潜力。 更广泛的影响： Stonybrook 集团在管理 ATLAS 第一阶段升级中的领导作用，通过支持技术人员以及对年轻科研人员在开发和部署新技术方面的教育和培训，扩大了美国许多大学集团的参与和贡献。 ,用于高能量、高光度实验的最先进的仪器。