Collaborative Research: Origin of hydrologic responses to earthquakes: constraints from New Zealand, Taiwan, Chile, and USA

合作研究：地震水文响应的起源：来自新西兰、台湾、智利和美国的限制

• 批准号: 1344441
• 负责人: Manoochehr Shirzaei
• 金额: $ 10.19万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-15 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1344441&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Origin; hydrologic; responses

Earthquakes generate hydrological responses, such as increases in stream flow and changes in the water level in wells. Such hydrologic responses are important because they provide unique insight into the coupling of hydrologic and tectonic processes at spatial and temporal scales that are otherwise difficult to study. The origin of hydrologic responses to earthquakes has been the subject of controversy, in large part because there are many models to explain observations and few measurements suitable for distinguishing between hypotheses. We will study responses to earthquakes in New Zealand, Chile, Taiwan, and California to test competing hypotheses by 1) compiling observations, 2) collecting new measurements, and 3) developing analytical and numerical models to interpret the hydrological and related geodetic data. We will address the following questions: Does the excess discharge in streams originate from the shallow or deep subsurface? How do the response of deep and groundwater systems differ? Are there different and understandable responses of fracture-dominated rock and unconsolidated materials? Are there permanent changes in properties of the subsurface such as permeability? Are static or dynamic stresses more important for explaining the observed changes?This project offers an interdisciplinary training opportunity that integrates geophysics and hydrology, and combines modeling and field studies. The proposed work is an international collaboration with scientists in Taiwan, Germany and New Zealand. We will integrate the proposed research with courses taught at UC Berkeley, including freshman seminars, undergraduate-level geodynamics, and graduate level classes. The study of earthquake-induced hydrologic changes has implications for water resources and engineering, including assessing the role of earthquakes in damaging aquifers, affecting underground repositories, and changing water supplies.

地震会产生水文响应，例如溪流流量增加和井水位变化。这种水文响应非常重要，因为它们为空间和时间尺度上的水文和构造过程的耦合提供了独特的见解，而这些耦合是很难研究的。地震水文响应的起源一直是争议的主题，很大程度上是因为有许多模型可以解释观测结果，而适合区分假设的测量却很少。我们将研究新西兰、智利、台湾和加利福尼亚州的地震反应，通过以下方式测试相互竞争的假设：1) 汇编观测数据，2) 收集新的测量数据，3) 开发分析和数值模型来解释水文和相关大地测量数据。我们将解决以下问题：溪流中的过量排放来自浅层还是深层地下？深层水系统和地下水系统的响应有何不同？裂缝主导的岩石和松散材料是否存在不同且可以理解的响应？地下特性（例如渗透性）是否会发生永久性变化？对于解释观察到的变化，静态应力还是动态应力更重要？该项目提供了一个整合地球物理学和水文学、并结合建模和现场研究的跨学科培训机会。拟议的工作是与台湾、德国和新西兰科学家的国际合作。我们将把拟议的研究与加州大学伯克利分校教授的课程相结合，包括新生研讨会、本科水平的地球动力学和研究生水平的课程。地震引起的水文变化的研究对水资源和工程具有重要意义，包括评估地震在破坏含水层、影响地下储存库和改变供水方面的作用。